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EC number: 224-699-9 | CAS number: 4454-16-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Freshwater:
From the database of chronic nickel toxicity to freshwater invertebrates, many individual EC10or NOEC values for different individual species were selected. Chronic data on invertebrates belonging to different taxonomic groups being cladoceran (79% of the data points), amphipods (0.9% of the data), insects (7% of the data), hydrozoans (0.9% of the data), rotifers (5% of the data) and a mollusc (7% of the data). The NOEC/L(E) C10 varied between 1.4 μg/L forLymnaea stagnalis(Schlekat et al., 2010) and 1,379µg/L forBrachionus calyciflorus(Schlekat et al., 2010). It is noted that the invertebrate data are heavily dominated by data on cladocerans.
The following table indicates those NOEC or EC10values of high quality that have been carried forward for the HC5-& PNEC derivation:
Key Study (freshwater invertebrates) |
Selected values for the most sensitive endpoints used for derivation of the freshwater HC5 |
||
Species |
Endpoint |
Value (s) (µg/L) |
|
Deleebeecket al., 2008 |
Daphnia magna |
NOEC/EC10 |
8.8-256 |
Kunhet al., 1989 |
Daphnia magna |
NOEC |
90 |
Munzinger, 1990 |
Daphnia magna |
NOEC |
40 |
Munzinger, 1994 |
Daphnia magna |
NOEC |
80 |
Keithlyet al., 2004 |
Ceriodaphnia dubia |
NOEC |
3.4-5.8 |
Wirtzet al., 2004 |
Ceriodaphnia dubia |
EC10 |
2.8-7.6 |
Deleebeecket al., 2009b |
Ceriodaphnia dubia |
EC10 |
7.4-44.2 |
Nebekeret al., 1984 |
Clistorina magnifica |
NOEC |
66 |
Nebekeret al., 1986 |
Juga plicifera |
NOEC |
124 |
Santiago-Fandino, 1983 |
Hydra littoralis |
NOEC |
60 |
Keithlyet al., 2004 |
Hyalella azteca |
NOEC |
29 |
Deleebeecket al., 2006 |
Ceriodaphnia quadrangula |
NOEC |
2.0-12.7 |
Peracantha truncata |
NOEC |
2.5-25.8 |
|
Daphnia longispina |
NOEC |
26.6-29.0 |
|
Alona affinis |
NOEC |
25.0 |
|
Ceriodaphnia pulchella |
NOEC |
9.9-28.2 |
|
Simocephalus vetulus |
NOEC |
9.2-28.9 |
|
Schlekat et al., 2010 |
Lymnaea stagnalis |
EC10 |
1.4 -19.5 |
Brachionus calyciflorus |
EC10 |
498-1379 |
|
Chironomus tentans |
EC10 |
404-782 |
Marine:
From the database of chronic nickel toxicity to marine invertebrates, many NOEC/EC10/LOEC values are reported. EC10values range from 22.5 μg Ni/L for reproduction of the polychaete,Neanthes arenaceodentata(DeForest and Schlekat, 2013), to 431 μg Ni/L for development of the bivalve,Crassostrea gigas(DeForest and Schlekat, 2013). The table below represents the NOEC, LOEC, or EC10values of high quality carried forward for derivation of HC5and aquatic marine PNEC:
Key Study (marine invertebrates) |
Selected values for the most sensitive endpoints used for derivation of the marine HC5 |
||
Species |
Endpoint |
Value (s) (µg/L) |
|
DeForest and Schlekat, 2013 |
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus |
EC10 |
335 |
Dendraster excentricus |
EC10 |
191 |
|
Huntet al., 2002 |
Mysidopsis intii |
EC10 |
45.2 |
Haliotis rufescens |
EC10 |
36.4 |
|
Gentileet al., 1982 |
Mysidopsis bahia |
LOEC |
141 |
Mysidopsis bahia |
NOEC |
61 |
|
DeForest and Schlekat, 2013 |
Mytilius galloprovincialis |
EC10 |
269.7 (geomean) |
DeForest and Schlekat, 2013 |
Neanthes arenaceodentata |
EC10 |
22.5 |
DeForest and Schlekat, 2013 |
Crassostrea gigas |
EC10 |
431 |
Novelliet al., 2003 |
Paracentrotus lividus |
EC10 |
89 |
Pagano, 2007 |
Paracentrotus lividus |
EC10 |
217 |
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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