Cinnamonitrile

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Biodegradation:

Biodegradation in water:

Biodegradability of test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CASno.1885-38-7) was predicted by using OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 with log Kow as primary descriptor. The test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile showed 1.1857 % biodegradation by considering BOD parameter and Microorganisms as inoculum in 28 days. Based on percent biodegradability value it is concluded that this test chemical is not readily biodegradable.

Biodegradation in water and sediments:

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS No. 1885 -38 -7). If released in to the environment, 25.2 % of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of test chemical in water is estimated to be 15 days (360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is low whereas the half-life period of test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile in sediment is estimated to be135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1 % (i.e, reported as 0.344 %), indicates that test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile is not persistent in sediment.

Biodegradation in soil:

The half-life period of test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS No. 1885-38-7) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 72.7% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrilein soil is estimated to be 30 days (720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is low.

Bioaccumulation:

Bioaccumulation: aquatic/sediments:

Using BCFBAF Program (v3.00) model of EPI suite (2017) the estimated bio concentration factor (BCF) for (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS No. 1885-38-7) is 9.124 L/kg wet-wt at 25 deg. c which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000. Therefore it is concluded that test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile is non bioaccumulative in food chain.

Transport and distribution:

Adsorption/desorption:

The Soil Adsorption Coefficient i.e. Koc value of test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS No. 1885-38-7) was estimated using EPI suite KOCWIN Program (v2.00) as 318.5 L/kg (log Koc= 2.5031) by means of MCI method at 25 deg. C.  This log Koc value indicates that test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile has moderate sorption to soil and therefore test chemical has slow migration potential to ground water.

Additional information

Biodegradation:

Biodegradation in water:

Predicted data for the target compound (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS no.1885-38-7)and supporting weight of evidence studies for its read across substance were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which is summarized as below:

In first weight of evidence study biodegradability of test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CASno.1885-38-7) was predicted by using OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 with log Kow as primary descriptor. The test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile showed 1.1857 % biodegradation by considering BOD parameter and Microorganisms as inoculums in 28 days. Based on percent biodegradability value it is concluded that this test chemical is not readily biodegradable.

 Another prediction was done by using Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017) to estimate biodegradation potential of the test compound(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS no. 1885-38-7) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrileis expected to be not readily biodegradable.

In supporting weight of evidence study Biodegradation experiment was carried out according to OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I)) for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance (2-bromovinyl)benzene (CAS no. 103-64-0) from Eisei Kagaku journal (1988). Initial test substance conc. used in the study was 20 mg/L. A water, acetone or DMSO solution (0.1 ml) of the read across chemical was added to a mixture of river/sea water (4.9 ml) from an unpolluted area and an autoclaved solution (5.0ml) of 0.2% peptone in a sterile test tube with a tight plug. After sealed with film and fixed at an angle of 30°in a dark box, the test tubes were incubated at 30°C and shaked at 120rpm. Inoculum used for the study was mixed culture obtained from different sources (Sea water from Enoshima Beach and River water from Tama River).The percentage degradation of test substance in both river and sea water was determined to be 5 and 6% by BOD parameter in 3 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, read across chemical (2-bromovinyl)benzene is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

Another weight of evidence study done from authoritative database ( Jcheck, 2017) for read across chemical (2 -bromovinyl)benzene (CAS no.103-62-4). In this study Biodegradation experiment was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance (2 -bromovinyl)benzene (CAS no. 103-62-4). Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l. The percentage degradation of read across substance was determined to be 0 and 4% degradation by BOD and GC parameter in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, read across chemical (2 -bromovinyl)benzene is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

On the basis of results of above mentioned studies for target chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS no.1885-38-7) (from OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 and EPI suite) and supporting weight of evidence study. It is concluded that the test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile can be expected to be not readily biodegradable.

Biodegradation in water and sediments:

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile(CAS No. 1885 -38 -7). If released in to the environment, 25.2 % of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of test chemical in water is estimated to be 15 days (360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is low whereas the half-life period of test chemical(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrilein sediment is estimated to be135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1 % (i.e, reported as 0.344 %), indicates that test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile is not persistent in sediment.

Biodegradation in soil:

The half-life period of test chemical(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS No. 1885-38-7) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment, 72.7% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile in soil is estimated to be 30 days (720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is low.

Bioaccumulation:

Bioaccumulation: aquatic/sediments:

Various predicted data for the target compound(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS no.1885 -38 -7) and supporting weight of evidence study for its read across chemical were reviewed for the bioaccumulation end point are summarized as below:

In a prediction done by using BCFBAF Program (v3.00) model of EPI suite (2017) the estimated bio concentration factor (BCF) for test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile is 9.124 L/kg wet-wt at 25 deg.

Another prediction done by using Bio-concentration Factor (v12.1.0.50374) module of(ACD (Advanced Chemistry Development)/I-Lab predictive module, 2017) andBio-concentration Factor at range pH 1-14  of the chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile estimated to be 34.3 dimensionless.

Next prediction done by using Scifinder database of American Chemical Society, (2017) and Bioconcentration factor (BCF) for test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS No: 1885-38-7) was estimated in aquatic organisms by at pH 1-10 and temperature 25 °C .The Bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile at pH 1-10 and temperature 25 °C was estimated to be 19.8 dimensionless.

 

Similarly, another prediction done by using Chemspider- ACD/PhysChem Suite of Royal Society of Chemistry (RCS, 2017) and Bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile at pH 5.5 and pH 7.4 was estimated to be 37.78 dimensionless. This BCF value suggests that the test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile is non bioaccumulative in aquatic organisms.

Last prediction done from CompTox Chemistry Dashboard using OPERA (OPEn (quantitative) structure-activity Relationship Application)  V1.02 model in which calculation based on PaDEL descriptors (calculate molecular descriptors and fingerprints of chemical)  the bioaccumulation i.e BCF for test substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile was estimated to be 9.32 dimensionless . The predicted BCF result is based on the 5 OECD principles.

In a supporting weight of evidence study (From authoritative database, HSDB, 2017) the bioaccumulation experiment was conducted for estimating the BCF (bioaccumulation factor) value of read across chemical (2E)-3 -phenylprop-2 -enal (CAS no. 104 -55 -2). The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) value was calculated using a log Kow of 1.9 and a regression derived equation. The BCF (bioaccumulation factor) value of (2E)-3 -phenylprop-2 -enal was determined to be 8 dimensionless, which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the chemical (2E)-3 -phenylprop-2 -enal is considered to be non-accumulative in aquatic organisms.

Another supporting weight of evidence study done from authoritative database (J, check, 2017) in this study bioaccumulation test was conducted for 8 weeks for determination the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of read across substance (2-bromovinyl) benzene i.e beta-bromostyrene (CAS no. 103-64-0) on test organism Cyprinus carpio. The recovery ratio was- Test water: 1st concentration area: 91.4 %, 2nd concentration area: 84.1 %, Fish: 73.5 %, Vehicle used was Tween 80 with concentrations 1st Concentration area: 1 ppm(w/v), 2nd Concentration area: 0.1 ppm(w/v) respectively. And Nominal concentrations used in the study as - 1st Concentration area: 0.1 ppm(w/v), 2nd Concentration area : 0.01 ppm(w/v) and Range finding study was carried out on Rice fish (Oryzias latipes) and the 48 hr TLm(48h) 5.05 ppm(w/v).  Thus according to static Fish Test the BCF value for test substance (2-bromovinyl) benzene i.e beta-bromostyrene was observed to be 34-143 L/kg at dose concentration 0.1 ppm(w/v) and 38- 235 L/kg at dose concentration 0.01 ppm(w/v) on test organism Cyprinus carpio during 8 weeks period. These BCF values indicate that the read across substance (2-bromovinyl) benzene i.e beta-bromostyrene (Cas no. 103-64-0) is not bioaccumulative in fish and food chain.

On the basis of above results for target chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS no.1885 -38 -7)  (from EPI suite, ACD labs, Sci Finder database, Chemspider and CompTox Chemistry Dashboard 2017) and for its read across chemicals (From HSDB and J check) it can be concluded that the BCF value of test substance(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrileranges from 9.124 to 37.78 dimensionless which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the chemical(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrileis expected to be nonbioaccumulative in the food chain.

Transport and distribution:

Adsorption/desorption:

Various predicted data for the target compound of (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS No. 1885-38-7)and supporting weight of evidence study for its read across chemical were reviewed for the Adsorption end point are summarized as below.

First prediction was done by using Estimation Program Interface (EPI suite, 2017) KOCWIN Program (v2.00) and Soil Adsorption Coefficient i.e. Koc value of test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile was estimated to be 318.5 L/kg (log Koc= 2.5031) by means of MCI method at 25 deg. C.  This log Koc value indicates that test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile has moderate sorption to soil and therefore test chemical has slow migration potential to ground water.

Another prediction was done by using Adsorption Coefficient module (v12.1.0.50374) of (ACD (Advanced Chemistry Development)/I-Lab predictive module, 2017) program in this prediction the Soil Adsorption Coefficient i.e., Koc value of test substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile was estimated as Koc 437 dimensionless (log Koc= 2.6404). This log Koc value indicates that the test substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile has a moderate sorption to soil and therefore have slow migration potential to groundwater.

Similarly, next prediction was done by using Chemspider-ACD/Phy chem suite of Royal Society of Chemistry (RCS, 2017) and soil adsorption co-efficient i.e., Koc value of test substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile was estimated to be 468.43 dimensionless (log Koc= 2.6706) at pH 5.5 and 7.4 and temperature 25 deg.C .This Koc value at different pH indicates that the chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile has moderate sorption to soil and sediments and therefore test chemical has slow migration potential to ground water.

Another prediction was done by Using Sci Finder database of American Chemical Society (ACS, 2017) and the soil adsorption co-efficient i.e., Koc value of test chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile was estimated to be 295.0 dimensionless ( log Koc = 2.4698) at pH 1-10 at temperature 25 deg.c. this value suggests that this test chemical has low sorption to soil and therefore have moderate migration potential to ground water.

Further, last prediction was done from CompTox Chemistry Dashboard using OPERA (OPEn (quantitative) structure-activity Relationship Application) V1.02 model in which calculation based on PaDEL descriptors (calculate molecular descriptors and fingerprints of chemical) the adsorption coefficient i.e KOC for test substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile was estimated to be 55.3 L/kg (log Koc = 1.7427) .The predicted KOC result based on the 5 OECD principles. Thus based on the result it is concluded that the test substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile has a low sorption to soil and sediment and therefore has moderate migration potential to ground water

In a supporting weight of evidence study (From authoritative database, HSDB, 2017) the Koc value for read across chemical (2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enal (CAS no. 104-55-2) was estimated by using a log Kow of 1.9 and a regression-derived equation. The estimated Koc value is 37 dimensionless and log Koc is 1.5682 this log Koc value suggests that read across chemical (2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enal is expected to have low sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have moderate migration potential to ground water.

Another supporting weight of evidence study done from same source as mentioned above (HSDB, 2017) the Koc of read across substance (2-bromovinyl)benzene i.e., beta-bromostyrene estimated to be 960 (Log koc= 2.9822) using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices. This estimated Koc value suggests that read across chemical (2-bromovinyl)benzene i.e., beta-bromostyrene is expected to have moderate sorption to soil and sediment and therefore this read across chemical has low migration potential to ground water.

On the basis of above results for target chemical E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile (CAS No. 1885-38-7) (from EPI suite, ACD labs, Sci Finder database, Comptox chemistry dashboard and Chemspider 2017) and for its read across chemicals (From authoritative database HSDB) it can be concluded that the log Koc value of test substance (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile ranges from 1.7427 to 2.6706 indicating that the chemical (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile has low to moderate sorption to soil and sediment and therefore it has moderate to slow migration potential to ground water.