Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 220-474-4 | CAS number: 2778-42-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://poisoncentres.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Specific investigations: other studies
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- specific investigations: other studies
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From Jul. 16, 1988 to Oct. 14, 1988
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: American Standard Test Method E981-84 (ASTM, 1984)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The testing protocol was based on American Standard Test Method E981-84 (ASTM, 1984).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- in vivo
- Endpoint addressed:
- respiratory irritation
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- Swiss Webster
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Sprague Dawley, Inc., Indianapolis, IN
- Age at study initiation: 7-8 wk
- Housing: 2/cage,wire mesh cages
- Diet: Pellet feed (Pro Lab RHM #3000, Agway, Inc.), ad libitum
- Water: Tap water (Municipal Authority of Westmoreland County. Greensburg, PA), ad libitum
- Acclimation period: At least 7 d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12h dark/12h light
IN-LIFE DATES: From: Jul. 16, 1988 To: Oct. 14, 1988
- Route of administration:
- inhalation
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- RANGE FINDING TESTS: Groups of 2-4 animals were exposed to increasing concentrations of test material until a sensory irritation wave pattern was observed (i.e., a lengthening of the expiratory phase of breathing) and concentration was then determined analytically and used as the target concentration for the first exposure.
Animal exposure details:
- Technique: Head only
- Exposure chamber: Plethysmographs
- Volume of the chamber: 2.3 L
- Air flow rate: 36 L/min
- Frequency of data recording: 15 sec
- Acclimatization in chamber: 10-15 min
- Preexposure period: 10 min
- Exposure period: 3 h
- Recovery period: 10 min (only clean air was introduced into the exposure system during recovery period) - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- - The analytical method for m-TMXDI was an adaptation of the HPLC Standard Method.
- HPLC was performed using a Waters liquid chromatograph equipped with an SP8400 ultraviolet/visible detector and a Spectra-Physics SP4290 Integrator.
- The reverse phase HPLC method is summarized below.
- Column: Adsorbosphere TMS 10 U (250 x 4.6 mm)
- Mobile phase: 60 % acetonitrile, 40 % of 1 % triethylamine in water (pH to 3.0 with phosphoric acid)
- Flow rate: 2.0 mL/min
- Volume of injection: 10 microliters
- Wavelength: 254 nm
- Detector range: 0.02
- Chart speed: 1 cm/min
- Retention time: 4.25 minutes
- Chart attenuation: 64 - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 h/exposure
- Frequency of treatment:
- Single
- Post exposure period:
- No data
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0.48, 1.1, 1.3 and 2.5 ppm
Basis:
nominal conc. - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Four
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- None
- Details on results:
- - Chamber exposure concentrations: The mean concentrations (± SD) generated for the 4 mouse exposures were 0.48 (± 0.07), 1.1 (± 0.06), 1.3 (± 0.31) and 2.5 (± 0.30) ppm.
- Clinical observations and mortality: Periocular wetness was observed in 75-100 % of animals in all but the 0.48 ppm group immediately following exposure
- Mortality was observed in 1 animal of the highest concentration group on Day 4
- Body weights: Mean body weight gains were observed in all exposure groups but 1.3 ppm group.
- Respiratory rate: Decrease in respiratory rate was observed with maximal depression for all concentration groups was achieved within 30 min following the start of the exposure. The maximal decrease in respiratory rate was sustained throughout the duration of the exposure period. The concentrations of test material vapor which produced a 50 percent decrease in respiratory rate were determined to be 1.7 ppm
- Tidal Volume: No effect on tidal volume occurred in test animals.
- Minute volume and theoretical dose available for deposition: The minute volumes for mice exposed to approximately 0.5 and 1.4 ppm test material was 40.7 and 25.7 mL/min respectively. The estimates of the total amount of test material inhaled during an exposure to 0.5 and 1.4 ppm were calculated to be 35 and 63 µg respectively. The dose available for deposition in the upper respiratory tract for animals exposed to approximately 0.5 ppm was calculated to be 0.07 µg/min/cm2. The dose available for deposition in the alveolar region for animals exposed to approximately 1.4 ppm was calculated to be 0.00051 µg/min/cm2. - Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, the concentrations of test material vapor which produced a 50% decrease in respiratory rate, RD50, was found be 1.7 ppm.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to investigate the respiratory response and sensory irritation potential of test material in male Swiss Webster mice. The procedure was based on American Standard Test Method (ASTM) E981-84 and prior research investigating respiratory intake of sensory irritants.
Test animals (4/group) were exposed (head-only) to test material vapour for 3 h at a concentration of 0.48, 1.1, 1.3 or 2.5 ppm. Sensory irritation was assessed by monitoring the decrease in respiratory rate which resulted during exposure to the test material.
Clinical signs of toxicity occurring at concentrations of 1.1 ppm and higher included periocular wetness, decreased motor activity and/or an unkempt appearance. The incidence of these clinical signs generally increased with the exposure concentration and typically lasted only several days.
Exposure to the test material depressed respiratory rate and, as a result, minute volume in test animal. Tidal volume was not affected. The dose available for deposition in the nasal cavity exposed to approximately 0.5 ppm was calculated to be 0.07 µg/min/cm2and the dose available for deposition in the alveoli for mice exposed to approximately 1.4 ppm was calculated to be 5.1 µg/min/cm2.
Under the conditions of the test, the concentrations of test material vapour which produced a 50% decrease in respiratory rate, RD50, was found be 1.7 ppm.
- Endpoint:
- specific investigations: other studies
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From Jul. 16, 1988 to Oct. 14, 1988
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The testing protocol was based on American Standard Test Method E981-84 (ASTM, 1984).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- in vivo
- Endpoint addressed:
- respiratory irritation
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Sprague Dawley, Inc., Indianapolis, IN
- Age at study initiation: 7-8 wk
- Housing: 4/cage, wire mesh cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Pellet feed (Pro Lab RHM #3000, Agway, Inc.), ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Tap water (Municipal Authority of Westmoreland County. Greensburg, PA), ad libitum
- Acclimation period: At least 7 d
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12h dark/12h light
IN-LIFE DATES: From: Jul. 16, 1988 To: Oct. 14, 1988 - Route of administration:
- inhalation
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- RANGE FINDING TESTS: Groups of 2-4 animals were exposed to increasing concentrations of test material until a sensory irritation wave pattern was observed (i.e., a lengthening of the expiratory phase of breathing) and concentration was then determined analytically and used as the target concentration for the first exposure
Animal exposure details:
- Technique: Head only
- Exposure chamber: Plethysmographs
- Volume of the chamber: 5.1 L
- Air flow rate: 36 L/min
- Frequency of data recording: 15 sec
- Acclimatization in chamber: 30 min
- pre-exposure period: 10 min
- Exposure period: 3 h
- Recovery period: 10 min (only clean air was introduced into the exposure system during recovery period). - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Instrumentation and method:
- The analytical method for m-TMXDI was an adaptation of the HPLC Standard Method.
- HPLC was performed using a Waters liquid chromatograph equipped with an SP8400 ultraviolet/visible detector and a Spectra-Physics SP4290 Integrator.
- The reverse phase HPLC method is summarized below.
- Column: Adsorbosphere TMS 10 U (250 x 4.6 mm)
- Mobile phase: 60 % acetonitrile, 40 % of 1 % triethylamine in water (pH to 3.0 with phosphoric acid)
- Flow rate: 2.0 mL/min
- Volume of injection: 10 mL
- Wavelength: 254 nm
- Detector range: 0.02
- Chart speed: 1 cm/min
- Retention time: 4.25 minutes
- Chart attenuation: 64 - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 h/exposure
- Frequency of treatment:
- Single
- Post exposure period:
- No data
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0.56, 0.84, 1.4 or 2.2 ppm
Basis:
nominal conc. - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Four
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- None
- Examinations:
- Not applicable
- Positive control:
- Not applicable
- Details on results:
- - Chamber exposure concentrations: The mean concentrations (± SD) generated for the 4 rat exposures were 0.56 (± 0.10), 0.84 (± 0.09), 1.4 (± 0.18) and 2.2 (± 0.43) ppm.
- Clinical observations: Perinasal encrustation was observed in 50-100 % of rats in all exposure concentration groups immediately following exposure. Other clinical observations 0.84, 1.4 and 2.2 ppm group included lacrimation, periocular and perinasal encrustation, periocular and perinasal wetness, subcutaneous red discoloration around the eyes, audible breathing and/or reddened ears. Mortality occurred in 1 rat of the 0.84 ppm group on Day 2 post-exposure.
- Body weights: Mean body weight gains were observed in all exposure groups except for 2.2 ppm group.
- Respiratory rate: Decrease in respiratory rate was observed with maximal depression for all concentration groups was achieved within 30 min following the start of the exposure. The maximal decrease in respiratory rate was typically only sustained for several minutes. The concentrations of test material vapor which produced a 50 % decrease in respiratory rate was determined to be 3.7 ppm (the concentration-response curve was extended beyond the range of exposure concentrations in order to extrapolate the RD50)
- Tidal volume: Small decreases in tidal volume occurred in test animals which was typically sustained in the rats and did not return to preexposure levels during the recovery period
- Minute volume and theoretical dose available for deposition: The minute volumes for mice exposed to approximately 0.5 and 1.4 ppm test material were 129.5 and 110.6 mL/min respectively. The estimates of the total amount of test material inhaled during an exposure to 0.5 and 1.4 ppm were calculated to be 112 and 271 µg respectively. The dose available for deposition in the upper respiratory tract for animals exposed to approximately 0.5 ppm was calculated to be 0.05 µg /min/cm2. The dose available for deposition in the alveolar region for animals exposed to approximately 1.4 ppm was calculated to be 3.9 X 10(-4) µg/min/cm2. - Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, the concentrations of test material vapor which produced a 50% decrease in respiratory rate (RD50), was found be 3.7 ppm.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to investigate the respiratory response and sensory irritation potential of the test material in male Sprague Dawley rat. The procedure was based on American Standard Test Method (ASTM) E981-84 and prior research investigating respiratory intake of sensory irritants.
Test animals (4/group) were exposed (head-only) to test material vapour for 3 h at a concentration of 0.56, 0.84, 1.4 or 2.2 ppm. Sensory irritation was assessed by monitoring the decrease in respiratory rate which resulted during exposure to test material.
Rats exposed to 0.56 ppm of test material vapor exhibited only perinasal encrustation. However, at higher concentrations, ocular and nasal irritation, audible breathing, subcutaneous red discolouration around the eyes, and reddened ears were noted. The incidence of these clinical signs generally increased with the exposure concentration and typically lasted only several days. Exposure to test material depressed respiratory rate and, as a result, minute volume in test animal. The tidal volume of test animals decreased moderately during exposure however, the decrease in tidal volume was not determined to be concentration-dependent. The dose available for deposition in the nasal cavity at 0.5 ppm was calculated to be 0.05 µg /min/cm2. The dose available for deposition in the alveoli at 1.4 ppm was calculated to be 3.9 µg /min/ cm2.
Under the conditions of the test, the concentrations of test material vapour which produced a 50 % decrease in respiratory rate (RD50), was found be 3.7 ppm.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table1. Mean percent decrease in respiratory rate, tidal volume of mice at each exposure concentration
m-TMXDI concentration (ppm) |
Mean maximal % decrease in respiratory Rate |
Mean Maximal Percent Change in Tidal Volume |
0.48 |
6 |
-13 |
1.1 |
36 |
-2 |
1.3 |
46 |
3 |
2.5 |
60 |
1 |
Table1. Mean percent decrease in respiratory rate, tidal volume at each exposure concentration
m-TMXDI concentration (ppm)-X |
Mean maximal % decrease in respiratory Rate-Y |
Mean Maximal Percent Change in Tidal Volume |
0.56 |
30 |
37 |
0.84 |
26 |
25 |
1.4 |
40 |
22 |
2.2 |
44 |
26 |
Description of key information
Additional information
Respiratory irritation (mice and rats)
A study was conducted to investigate the respiratory response and sensory irritation potential of test material in male Swiss Webster mice. The procedure was based on American Standard Test Method (ASTM) E981-84 and prior research investigating respiratory intake of sensory irritants. Test animals (4/group) were exposed (head-only) to test material vapour for 3 h at a concentration of 0.48, 1.1, 1.3 or 2.5 ppm. Sensory irritation was assessed by monitoring the decrease in respiratory rate which resulted during exposure to the test material. Clinical signs of toxicity occurring at concentrations of 1.1 ppm and higher included periocular wetness, decreased motor activity and/or an unkempt appearance. The incidence of these clinical signs generally increased with the exposure concentration and typically lasted only several days. Exposure to the test material depressed respiratory rate and, as a result, minute volume in test animal. Tidal volume was not affected. The dose available for deposition in the nasal cavity exposed to approximately 0.5 ppm was calculated to be 0.07 µg/min/cm2and the dose available for deposition in the alveoli for mice exposed to approximately 1.4 ppm was calculated to be 5.1 µg/min/cm2. Under the conditions of the test, the concentrations of test material vapour which produced a 50% decrease in respiratory rate, RD50, was found be 1.7 ppm (Burleigh-Flayer, 1992).
A study was conducted to investigate the respiratory response and sensory irritation potential of the test material in male Sprague Dawley rat. The procedure was based on American Standard Test Method (ASTM) E981-84 and prior research investigating respiratory intake of sensory irritants. Test animals (4/group) were exposed (head-only) to test material vapour for 3 h at a concentration of 0.56, 0.84, 1.4 or 2.2 ppm. Sensory irritation was assessed by monitoring the decrease in respiratory rate which resulted during exposure to test material. Rats exposed to 0.56 ppm of test material vapor exhibited only perinasal encrustation. However, at higher concentrations, ocular and nasal irritation, audible breathing, subcutaneous red discolouration around the eyes, and reddened ears were noted. The incidence of these clinical signs generally increased with the exposure concentration and typically lasted only several days. Exposure to test material depressed respiratory rate and, as a result, minute volume in test animal. The tidal volume of test animals decreased moderately during exposure however, the decrease in tidal volume was not determined to be concentration-dependent. The dose available for deposition in the nasal cavity at 0.5 ppm was calculated to be 0.05 µg /min/cm2. The dose available for deposition in the alveoli at 1.4 ppm was calculated to be 3.9 µg /min/ cm2. Under the conditions of the test, the concentrations of test material vapour which produced a 50 % decrease in respiratory rate (RD50), was found be 3.7 ppm (Burleigh-Flayer, 1992).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
![ECHA](/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/echa_logo.png)