Vinyl ethylene carbonate

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Genetic toxicity in vitro

Description of key information

Bacterial reverse mutation (OECD 471):

The results both in the first test and the validation test were negative. The test item considered to be non-mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation test using the histidine requiring tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium.

In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration (OECD 473):

The results of chromosomal aberration test were negative in three treatment conditions. Thus the test item was considered not to cause structural chromosomal aberrations in cultured mammalian cells.

In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation (OECD 490):

The results of the gene mutation test were negative under three treatment conditions. Thus, the test item was considered to be non-mutagenic to the mammalian cells cultured in vitro.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From 03 Sep to 12 Oct 2021

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Batch No.: 10121040902
Purity: 99.92%

Species / strain / cell type:

Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU)

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
- source of S9: Aroclor 1254 induced rat-liver S9
- method of preparation of S9 mix: The S9 was prepared from the livers of the rats induced with Aroclor1254, and the details were shown below: Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were treated by a single intraperitoneal injection of Aroclor 1254 at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight five days prior to the S9 preparation. The livers of the rats were taken out under aseptic conditions, homogenized in a 0.15 mol/L KCl solution (1g liver: 3ml KCl solution) and centrifuged at 11000rpm for 10 min with AllegraTM 64R Auto Freeze Centrifuge. The supernatant of S9 was stored in liquid nitrogen at approximate -196℃ for use not more than one year.

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

6 doses of 2000, 800, 320, 128, 51.2 and 20.48 μg/ml

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO

- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The test results of test item solubility showed that the test item could be dissolved in DMSO at the concentration of 400mg/ml, so DMSO was used as solvent.

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

ethylmethanesulphonate

Remarks:

Used as the positive control in the absence of S9 mix (S9-)

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: Cyclophosphamide monohydrate

Remarks:

Used as the positive control in the presence of S9 mix (S9+)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration (single, duplicate, triplicate): duplicate
- Number of independent experiments: 1

METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Cell density at seeding (if applicable): 2.0E+05 CHL cells
- Test substance added in medium

TREATMENT AND HARVEST SCHEDULE:
- Preincubation period, if applicable:
- Exposure duration/duration of treatment: 3h or 24h
- Harvest time after the end of treatment (sampling/recovery times): 23h

FOR CHROMOSOME ABERRATION:
Based on the results of cytotoxicity in each treatment condition, the cells of the doses of 2000, 800 and 320μg/ml exposed in the above three treatment conditions and all controls were chosen for chromosome preparation.
300 well-spread metaphase cells equally divided among the duplicates were scored per dose and control for each treatment condition. Different types of structural chromosome aberrations listed below were scored. Gaps were scored separately. Polyploidy and endoreduplication were scored at the same time. The number of centromeres equal to the modal number ± 2 should be met.

Evaluation criteria:

Providing that all validity criteria are fulfilled in any of the treatment condition examined, when all of the following criteria are met, the result is considered to be clearly positive:
a) At least one of the test dose exhibits a statistically significant increase compared with the concurrent solvent control (P＜0.05);
b) The increase is dose-related when evaluated with an appropriate trend test.
c) Any of the results is outside the 95% control limits of historical negative control data distribution in this lab.

Providing that all validity criteria are fulfilled in all of the treatment conditions examined, when all of the following criteria are met, the result is considered to be clearly negative:
a) None of the test dose exhibits a statistically significant increase compared with the concurrent negative control;
b) There is no dose-related increase when evaluated with an appropriate trend test. c) All results of the doses are inside the 95% control limits of historical negative control data distribution in this lab.

Key result

Species / strain:

Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU)

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

The results of test item precipitate: In this test, no test item precipitate was observed at all designed dose levels at the beginning and end of the treatment in three treatment conditions.

The results for cytotoxicity: The RICC of the cells exposed for 3h in the absence of S9 mix at the doses of 2000, 800, 320, 128, 51.2 and 20.48μg/ml were 78%, 84%, 92%, 94%, 98% and 102%; the RICC of the cells exposed for 3h in the presence of S9 mix at the doses of 2000, 800, 320, 128, 51.2 and 20.48μg/ml were 83%, 95%, 91%, 94%, 102% and 100%; the RICC of the cells exposed for 24h in the absence of S9 mix at the doses of 2000, 800, 320, 128, 51.2 and 20.48μg/ml were 81%, 92%, 97%, 94%, 91% and 95%.

The results of the microscopic analysis: the percentage of cells with structural chromosomal aberration excluding gap exposed for 3h in the absence of S9 mix at the doses of 2000, 800 and 320μg/ml were 0.7%, 0.3% and 0.3%; the percentage of cells with structural chromosomal aberration excluding gap exposed for 3h in the presence of S9 mix at the doses of 2000, 800 and 320μg/ml were 0.7%, 0.3% and 0.3%; the percentage of cells with structural chromosomal aberration excluding gap exposed for 24h in the absence of S9 mix at the doses of 2000, 800 and 320μg/ml were 0.7%, 0.7% and 0.3%. No statistically significant difference was observed at all doses of each test condition as compared with the concurrent solvent control (P>0.05). At the same time, statistically significant increases were observed in the cells of all positive controls as compared with the concurrent solvent controls(P<0.01).

Conclusions:

The results of chromosomal aberration test were negative in three treatment conditions. Thus the test item was considered not to cause structural chromosomal aberrations in cultured mammalian cells.

Executive summary:

The study was performed to evaluate test item for its capability to cause structural chromosomal aberrations in cultured mammalian cells. Three treatment conditions were performed in this study including exposing to the test item for 3 hours with and without the metabolic activation, and for 24 hours without the metabolic activation. The method of this study was designed to be in compliance with the OECD Guideline 473.

In this study, the results of chromosomal aberration test were negative in three treatment conditions. Thus the test item, was considered not to cause structural chromosomal aberrations in cultured mammalian cells under the conditions of this study.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From 01 to 15 Sep 2021

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 490 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Tests Using the Thymidine Kinase Gene)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation tests using the thymidine kinase gene

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Batch No.: 10121040902
Purity: 99.92%

Target gene:

Thymidine Kinase

Species / strain / cell type:

mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
- source of S9: Aroclor 1254 induced rat-liver S9
- method of preparation of S9 mix: The S9 was prepared from the livers of the rats induced with Aroclor1254, and the details were shown below: Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were treated by a single intraperitoneal injection of Aroclor 1254 at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight five days prior to the S9 preparation. The livers of the rats were taken out under aseptic conditions, homogenized in a 0.15 mol/L KCl solution (1g liver: 3ml KCl solution) and centrifuged at 11000rpm for 10 min with AllegraTM 64R Auto Freeze Centrifuge. The supernatant of S9 was stored in liquid nitrogen at approximate -196℃ for use not more than one year.

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

6 doses of 2000, 800, 320, 128, 51.2 and 20.48 μg/ml

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO

- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: the test results of test item solubility showed that the test item could be dissolved in DMSO at the concentration of 400mg/ml, so DMSO was used as the solvent.

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

methylmethanesulfonate

Remarks:

Used as the positive control in the absence of S9 mix (S9-)

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: Cyclophosphamide monohydrate

Remarks:

Used as the positive control in the presence of S9 mix (S9+)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration (single, duplicate, triplicate): duplicate
- Number of independent experiments: 1

METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Cell density at seeding (if applicable): 3E+05 cells/ml
- Test substance added in medium

TREATMENT AND HARVEST SCHEDULE:
- Preincubation period, if applicable:
- Exposure duration/duration of treatment: 3h or 24h
- Harvest time after the end of treatment (sampling/recovery times): 23h

CELL COLONIES OBSERVATION:
After expression period, the cells were suspended in medium with and without the mutant selective agent triflurothymidine (TFT) for the determination of the number of mutants (selection plates =TFT plates) and for cloning/planting efficiency (viability plates = PE plates), respectively.
The plates exposed for 3 hours with and without the metabolic activation were incubated for 12 days. The plates exposed for 24 hours without the metabolic activation were incubated for 11 days. The culture conditions were 37±2℃, 5±1% CO2 in humidified atmosphere.
After the incubation, cell colonies in the plates were observed and counted.
For PE plate, empty wells and total wells were counted, respectively.
For TFT plate, wells with viable colony and total wells were counted, respectively. In addition, for TFT plate of the analyzable highest concentrations, solvent and positive controls, large colony and small colony were counted, respectively.

Evaluation criteria:

Providing that all test validity criteria are fulfilled, the test item is considered to be clearly positive in any of the test conditions examined, if IMF(s) in one or several doses are more than the Global Evaluation Factor (GEF*), and the increase is dose- related (e.g. using a trend test).

Providing that all test validity criteria are fulfilled, the test item is considered to be clearly negative in any of the test conditions examined, if any IMF does not exceed the GEF or there is no dose-related response.

Key result

Species / strain:

mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

The results of test item precipitate: No test item precipitate was observed in the culture at any designed dose level at the beginning and end of the treatment in three treatment conditions.

The results of cytotoxicity: The RTG of the cells exposed for 3h in the absence of S9 at the doses of 2000, 800, 320, 218, 51.2 and 20.48μg/ml were 89%, 84%, 87%, 98%, 83% and 97%; the RTG of the cells exposed for 3h in the presence of S9 at the doses of 2000, 800, 320, 218, 51.2 and 20.48μg/ml were 77%, 84%, 95%, 87%, 97% and 93%; the RTG of the cells exposed for 24h in the absence of S9 at the doses of 2000, 800, 320, 218, 51.2 and 20.48μg/ml were 55%, 84%, 81%, 94%, 88% and 92%.

The results of mutant frequency: The IMFs were less than the Global Evaluation Factor (GEF, GEF=126×10–6) at all dose levels under the above three treatment conditions.

Conclusions:

The results of the gene mutation test were negative under three treatment conditions. Thus, the test item was considered to be non-mutagenic to the mammalian cells cultured in vitro.

Executive summary:

The study was performed to evaluate test item for its capability to cause the Thymidine Kinase (TK) gene mutations in mammalian cells which were cultured in vitro, after being exposed for 3 hours (h) with and without the metabolic activation, and exposed for 24 hours without the metabolic activation, respectively. The method of this test was designed in compliance with the OECD Guideline 490.

In this study, the results of the gene mutation test were negative under three treatment conditions. Thus, the test item, was considered to be non-mutagenic to the mammalian cells cultured in vitro under the conditions of this study.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From 2019-05-07 to 2019-05-13

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

Study performed to current OECD guidelines with no significant deviations and run in OECD GLP certified lab.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Version / remarks:

1997

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Batch No.: A03-18-0081
Purity: ≥99.9%

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium, other: TA97a

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
- source of S9 : The S9 was prepared from the livers of the rats induced with Aroclor1254, and the details are shown below: Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were treated by a single intraperitoneal injection of Aroclor 1254 at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight five days prior to the S9 preparation. The livers of the rats were taken out under aseptic conditions, homogenized in a 0.15 mol/L KCl solution (1g liver: 3 mL KCl solution) and centrifuged at 11000 rpm for 10 min with AllegraTM 64R Auto Freeze Centrifuge. The supernatant of S9 was stored in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) not more than two years.
- quality controls of S9 (e.g., enzymatic activity, sterility, metabolic capability): Before being used, this batch of S9 was tested for its sterility, its protein content (not higher than 40 mg/mL), and its capability to activate known mutagens in Ames test.

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Distilled water (H2O)

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

other: Dexon; 2-Aminofluorene; 1, 8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone; 2-Aminoanthracene

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration: triplicate
- Number of independent experiments : two, the first and validation experiment

METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Plate-incorporation in the first test, pre-incubation method in the validation test.

TREATMENT AND HARVEST SCHEDULE:
- Plate-incorporation
- In the absence of S9 mix: 200 μL of histidine-biotin solution, 100 μL of fresh cultures of bacteria, 500 μl of PBS, 100 μL of the test item formulation or H2O or positive control solution and 2000 μL of molten top-layer agar medium kept in a water bath at 42.7 °C - 47.5 °C were added to a sterile test tube under aseptic conditions. After vortexing, the mixture was evenly overlaid on the surface of MGA plate, all dose levels and the controls were performed in triplicate. After the top-layer agar was solidified, the plates were inverted and incubated for about 48 hours at 36.0 - 38.7 °C. The test item precipitate was observed by naked eyes in three parallel plates of each dose group of TA98 before and after incubation. After incubation, the number of revertant colonies in each plate was counted. As counting the plates of the positive controls (except for TA1535), the back of a plate was divided into eight sectors on back, and two diagonal sectors were chosen randomly and counted, then the result was multiplied by 4 as the number of revertant colonies, and the signs of background lawn were observed microscopically.
- In the presence of S9 mix: All procedures were the same as those in the absence of S9 mix except for PBS replaced with S9 mix.
- Pre-incubation
- Preincubation period, if applicable: Fresh cultures of bacteria, PBS or S9 mix, and working solution of the test item or solvent or positive control solution were mixed in a sterile test tube and pre-incubated at 35.5 - 36.9 °C for a minimum of 20 min firstly.
- Exposure duration/duration of treatment: All tested plates were inverted and incubated for about 69 hours at 35.0 - 38.4 °C.

METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: the number of revertant colonies, the data on the background lawn and precipitate of the test item

Evaluation criteria:

CRITERIA OF CYTOTOXICITY
The test item is evaluated as cytotoxicity if one of the below criteria is met.
- Compared with the concurrent solvent control, the number of the revertant colonies has significant decrease or none;
- Compared with the concurrent solvent control, the sign of the background lawn has obvious thinning or clearing.
CRITERIA OF POSITIVE RESULT
- When there is a concentration-related increase over the range (equal to or greater than two times that of the concurrent solvent control in TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and equal to or greater than three times that of the concurrent solvent control in TA1535) in the mean number of revertant colonies in at least one strain with or without metabolic activation system, the test item should be evaluated as positive.
- When there is a reproducible increase (equal to or greater than two times that of the concurrent solvent control in TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and equal to or greater than three times that of the concurrent solvent control in TA1535) at one or more concentrations in the mean number of revertant colonies in at least one strain with or without metabolic activation system, the test item should be evaluated as positive.
CRITERIA OF NEGATIVE RESULT
The test item should be evaluated as negative if none of the above criteria is met.
CRITERIA OF EQUIVOCAL RESULT
Although most tests give clear positive or negative results, in some instances the data generated prohibit making a definite judgment about test item. Results of this type should be reported as equivocal.

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA97a

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

Cytotoxicity was observed only at 5000 μg/plate dose level.

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

with

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

Cytotoxicity was observed only at 5000 μg/plate dose level.

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Data on pH:
- Data on osmolality:
- Possibility of evaporation from medium:
- Water solubility:
- Precipitation and time of the determination:
- Definition of acceptable cells for analysis:
- Other confounding effects:

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
- Preliminary test: The standard plate incorporation method was performed at 3 dose levels, including 5000, 1000 and 200 μg/plate, in five tester strains of TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535, with and without metabolic activation system. Solvent control (H2O) in each tester strain was performed at the same time. The dose volume of each dose group and solvent control group were 0.1ml/plate, in duplicate.
- Preliminary test results: About the precipitation of the test item, monitoring of TA98 showed that there was no precipitate at any designed dose level before and after incubation with and without metabolic activation system. Moreover, compared to the concurrent solvent controls, the test item was considered to be no cytotoxicity to all tester strain at all designed dose levels with and without metabolic activation.

STUDY RESULTS
- Concurrent vehicle negative and positive control data : In the first test and the validation test, the mean number of revertant colonies in the solvent controls and positive controls were within the range of historical control data in this lab. In addition, the background lawn in the solvent controls and positive controls had grown as densely packed microcolonies which form a uniform layer observed with microscope. So the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the S9 mix were validated.

Ames test:
In two tests, the results of the viable count showed that the density of living bacteria in the cultures of each tester strain was within the acceptable range of 0.9 - 9×10^9 colony forming units (CFU)/mL.
In the first test, there was no precipitate at any dose level before and after the incubation, with and without metabolic activation system. In the validation test, the same result was obtained as in the first test.
In the first test, cytotoxicity was observed only at 5000 μg/plate dose level in some tester strains in two treatment conditions, including TA102 with S9mix and TA98 with and without S9mix. It was showed that the number of revertant colonies was significant decrease and/or the background lawn was thinner than the concurrent solvent controls. In the validation test, the same cytotoxicity results were observed as in the first test.
In the first test, with and without metabolic activation, the mean number of revertant colonies at each dose level in all tester strains was less than two times that of the concurrent solvent controls in TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and less than three times that of the concurrent solvent controls in TA1535. In the validation experiment, the same mutagenic result was obtained as in the first test.

Conclusions:

The results both in the first test and the validation test were negative. The test item considered to be non-mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation test using the histidine requiring tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium.

Executive summary:

The study was performed to evaluate the ability of the test item to induce reverse mutations in the genome of the histidine requiring tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium according to OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay).

Five histidine requiring (his-) mutant tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium including TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535 were treated with Vinyl ethylene carbonate using the standard plate incorporation method and the pre-incubation method at six dose levels, in triplicate, with the solvent controls and positive controls, both in the presence and absence of the cofactor-supplemented S9 (S9 mix).Based on the results of the preliminary test (initial toxicity test) that had been performed in this lab before, six dose levels were selected in the first experiment, including 1500, 500, 150, 50, 15 and 5 g/plate with and without metabolic activation. Distilled water (H2O) was used as solvent. The validation experiment was conducted using the same dose levels and solvent as the first experiment.

 

In two tests, the results of the viable count showed that the density of living bacteria in the cultures of each tester strain was within the acceptable range of 0.9 - 9×10^9 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. At the same time, all results of positive and solvent controls met the requirements of this test, so the sensitivity of the test system and the efficacy of the S9 mix were validated.

In the first test, there was no precipitate at any dose level before and after the incubation, with and without metabolic activation system. In the validation test, the same result was obtained as in the first test.

In the first test, cytotoxicity was observed only at 5000 μg/plate dose level in some tester strains in two treatment conditions, including TA102 with S9mix and TA98 with and without S9mix. It was showed that the number of revertant colonies was significant decrease and/or the background lawn was thinner than the concurrent solvent controls. In the validation test, the same cytotoxicity results were observed as in the first test.

In the first test,with and without metabolic activation, the mean number of revertant colonies at each dose level in all tester strains was less than two times that of the concurrent solvent controls in TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and less than three times that of the concurrent solvent controls in TA1535. In the validation experiment, the same mutagenic result was obtained as in the first test.

 

Under the conditions of this study, the results both in the first test and the validation test were negative. The test item considered to be non-mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation test using the histidine requiring tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (negative)

Genetic toxicity in vivo

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Justification for classification or non-classification

In accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 section 3.5.2.1 and Table 3.5.1, substances are considered to be classified for germ cell mutagenicity when substances may cause mutations in the germ cells of humans that can be transmitted to the progeny or positive results from mutagenicity or genotoxicity tests in vitro and in mammalian somatic and germ cells in vivo.

As negative results in all three in vitro genetic toxicity studies, therefore this substance should not be classified as a mutagen.