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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 207-306-5 | CAS number: 460-19-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Phototransformation in water
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- phototransformation in water
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 015
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 316 (Phototransformation of Chemicals in Water - Direct Photolysis)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD 311 (Hydrolysis as a function of pH)
- Version / remarks:
- This study was conducted following the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Good Laboratory Practice Standards (40 CFR Part 160), 16 October 1989, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Principles of Good Laboratory Practice[C(97) 186/Final], 26 November 1997; and the standard operating procedures of Ajwa Analytical Laboratories, LLC, and the protocol as approved by the Sponsor with the following exceptions:
Ajwa Analytical Laboratories, LLC was not certified by the OECD. However, GLP-compliant equipment was used by GLP-trained staff from University of California-Davis and Ajwa Analytical Laboratories, LLC.
Signed and dated GLP, Quality Assurance and Data Confidentiality statements were provided.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The protocol states that the amount of cyanogen to be applied to water is 1.09 mg. The experiments used 2.85 mg to achieve higher detectable concentrations in 133 ml of water.
Impact on the study: None. The amount is within the OECD Guidelines. - GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Oxalonitrile
- EC Number:
- 207-306-5
- EC Name:
- Oxalonitrile
- Cas Number:
- 460-19-5
- Molecular formula:
- C2N2
- IUPAC Name:
- carbononitridic cyanide
- Test material form:
- gas
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- % Active ingredients: 99.58 %
Study design
- Analytical method:
- gas chromatography
- Light source:
- other: UV-lamp
- Remarks:
- 160 Watt
- Light spectrum: wavelength in nm:
- 200 - 400
- Details on light source:
- UV light: 160 Watt (Self-Ballasted Mercury VApor UVB Lamp), powersun UV, PUV-10. The measured UV light intensity was 1500-2500 µW/cm2, with 200-400 nm (main peaks at 254,313 and 366 nm).
Results and discussion
% Degradationopen allclose all
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 50
- Sampling time:
- 2 h
- Test condition:
- pH 7.0.; T 10 +/- 1 °C
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 50
- Sampling time:
- 48 min
- Test condition:
- pH 7.0; T 23 °C
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The purpose of this test was to study the hydrolysis of Cyanogen (C2N2) at different pH values at three temperatures. At 10°C, the half-life decreases from 2 hours in pH 7.0 solution to 6 minutes in pH 9.0 solution. Higher temperature can also promote Cyanogen hydrolysis. In pH 7.0 solution, the half-life of Cyanogen is 48 min at 23 °C, but 2 hours at the reduced temperature of 10°C. This study showed that hydrolysis under UV light will be an important route of degradation for Cyanogen in water that has neutral or basic pH.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this test is to study the hydrolysis of Cyanogen (C2N2) at different pH values at three temperatures following the OECD 111 and OECD 316 test methodologies to support registration of Cyanogen. The OECD 111 states that this “method is generally applicable to chemical substances (unlabelled or labelled) for which an analytical method with sufficient accuracy and sensitivity is available. It is applicable to slightly volatile and non-volatile compounds of sufficient solubility in water. The test should not be applied to chemicals that are highly volatile from water (e.g. fumigants, organic solvents) and thus cannot be kept in solution under the experimental conditions of this test.” However, the OECD 316 Guidelines suggest using the headspace measurement for highly volatile compounds such as fumigants. In this case, the OECD 316 Guidelines suggested using minimal head-space and adequate sealing in the photolysis cells to minimize volatile losses during the study.
Cyanogen was spiked in aqueous buffer solutions (0.42 mM) at pH 4.0 (5 mM Potassium Acid Phthalate), pH 7.0 (5 mM Potassium Phosphate Monobasic-Sodium Hydroxide), and pH 9.0 (Potassium Carbonate-Potassium Borate-Potassium) and kept under UV light (1500-2500 µW/cm2) to determine the half-lives at 10±1, 21±1, and 40±0.5 °C and to find whether hydrolysis under UV light is an important degradation route from an environmental standpoint.
Cyanogen is stable in pH 4.0 aqueous solution at 10 ±1°C under UV light. Under those conditions, the half-life is 26 days. But Cyanogen becomes unstable when the solution pH increases. At 10°C, the half-life decreases from 2 hours in pH 7.0 solution to 6 minutes in pH 9.0 solution. High temperatures can also promote Cyanogen hydrolysis. In pH 7.0 solution, the half-life of Cyanogen is 48 min at 23 °C, but 2 hours at the reduced temperature of 10°C.
This study showed that, hydrolysis under UV light will be an important route of degradation for Cyanogen in water that has neutral or basic pH.
This study was conducted in accordance with the protocol, except for the following:
The protocol states that the amount of cyanogen to be applied to water is 1.09 mg. The experiments used 2.85 mg to achieve higher detectable concentrations in 133 ml of water.
Impact on the study: None. The amount is within the OECD Guidelines.
Compliance:
This study was conducted following the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Good Laboratory Practice Standards (40 CFR Part 160), 16 October 1989, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Principles of Good Laboratory Practice[C(97) 186/Final], 26 November 1997; and the standard operating procedures of Ajwa Analytical Laboratories, LLC, and the protocol as approved by the Sponsor with the following exceptions:
Ajwa Analytical Laboratories, LLC was not certified by the OECD. However, GLP-compliant equipment was used by GLP-trained staff from University of California-Davis and Ajwa Analytical Laboratories, LLC.
Signed and dated GLP, Quality Assurance and Data Confidentiality statements were provided.
Conclusion:
The purpose of this test was to study the hydrolysis of Cyanogen (C2N2) at different pH values at three temperatures. At 10°C, the half-life decreases from 2 hours in pH 7.0 solution to 6 minutes in pH 9.0 solution. Higher temperature can also promote Cyanogen hydrolysis. In pH 7.0 solution, the half-life of Cyanogen is 48 min at 23 °C, but 2 hours at the reduced temperature of 10°C. This study showed that hydrolysis under UV light will be an important route of degradation for Cyanogen in water that has neutral or basic pH.
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Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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