Gallium arsenide

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in sediment species, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Publication has been subject to peer and adminsitrative review. Scientific methodology is in line with ECHA Guidance on information requirements & CSA, Appendix R.7.13-2: Environmental risk assessment for metals and metal compounds (2008).

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Computation of BSAF values based on literature data: The selection of field data from journal articles, data processing and computing is in line with ECHA Guidance on information requirements & CSA, Appendix R.7.13-2: Environmental risk assessment for metals and metal compounds (2008).

GLP compliance:

not specified

Radiolabelling:

no

Type:

BSAF

Value:

0.143 dimensionless

Basis:

whole body d.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: median of 55 field-measured BSAFs of freshwater sediment species

55 field-measured bioaccumulation data points (BSAFs) were summarised. Data were log-normally distributed. The median BSAF values on a dry weight basis for all, non-depurated and depurated invertebrates were 0.143, 0.127 and 0.373, respectively, indicating that the invertebrates in most of the assessed studies did not accumulate arsenic to levels greater than those measured in the associated sediments.The overall median of freshwater BSAF values based on a log-normal distribution is 0.143 dry weight (n=55) and was considered for the chemical safety assessment.

	Median BSAF (dw)	Minimum BSAF (dw)	Maximum BSAF (dw)
All (n=55)	0.143	0.018	4.330
Non-depurated (n=49)	0.127	0.018	0.889
Depurated (n=6)	0.373	0.278	4.330

Conclusions:

The overall median of freshwater BSAF values based on a log-normal distribution is 0.143 dry weight (n=55) and was selected for the chemical safety assessment.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
Collected overnight using a 3-layer 3 x 3 cm mesh net
Killed by percussive stunning
Dissected with ceramic knife for the axial muscle

Water:
Surface water manually collected at 0.5 m depth in PE-tereftalate bottles

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

not applicable

Test organisms (species):

other: Odontesthes bonariensis

Route of exposure:

other: water, food and sediment (field study)

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

de la Plata River: 0.04 - 25 g/L
Barrancas Lagoon: < 1 g/L
Adela Lagoon: < 1 g/L
Chasico Lake: > 27 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
de la Plata River: 30 ug As/kg wet weight
Barrancas Lagoon: 90 ug As/kg wet weight
Adela Lagoon: 80 ug As/kg wet weight
Chasico Lake: 760 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
de la Plata River: 3.9 ug As/L
Barrancas Lagoon: 28.4 ug/L
Adela Lagoon: 42.9 ug/L
Chasico Lake: 367 ug/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.9 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

7.69 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: de la Plata River

Key result

Conc. / dose:

28.4 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

3.17 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Barrancas Lagoon

Key result

Conc. / dose:

42.9 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.86 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Adela Lagoon

Key result

Conc. / dose:

367 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.07 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Chasico Lake

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the fish Odontesthes bonariensis ranged between 2 and 8 L/kg wet weight at four sampling places in Argentina.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Water:
HNO3 added to drinking water from local families, stored at -20°C

Fish:
sampled from fishponds, kept on ice, frozen

Test organisms (species):

Carassius auratus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 680 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured in water: 4.95 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

4.95 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

137.37 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Carassius auratus amounted to 137 L/kg wet weight at Tonglushan copper mine, China.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
bought from local fishermen with gill nets, refrigerated, dissected dried at 105°C.

Water:
100 mL water samples taken below the water surface using syringes equipped with 0.45 μm cellulose filters

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

not applicable

Test organisms (species):

other: Clarias gariepinus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

6.64 - 7.8

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Lake Awassa 1: 7.28 ug As/kg wet weight
Lake Awassa 2: 8.02 ug As/kg wet weight
Lake Awassa 3: 11.44 ug As/kg wet weight
Koka Reservoir 1: 20.60 ug As/kg wet weight
Koka Reservoir 2: 8.76 ug As/kg wet weight
Koka Reservoir 3: 11.14 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Lake Awassa 1: 0.21 ug As/L
Lake Awassa 2: 2.80 ug As/L
Lake Awassa 3: 2.50 ug As/L
Koka Reservoir 1: 0.57 ug As/L
Koka Reservoir 2: 3.00 ug As/L
Koka Reservoir 3: 2.20 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.21 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.54 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Lake Awassa 1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.8 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.46 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Lake Awassa 2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.5 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.66 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Lake Awassa 3

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.57 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.56 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Koka Reservoir 1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.47 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Koka Reservoir 2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.7 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Koka Reservoir 3

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Clarias gariepinus ranged between 0.5 and 1.6 L/kg wet weight at six sampling places in Ethiopia.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
bought from local fishermen with gill nets, refrigerated, dissected dried at 105°C.

Water:
100 mL water samples taken below the water surface using syringes equipped with 0.45 μm cellulose filters

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

not applicable

Test organisms (species):

other: Labeobarbus intermedius

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

6.64 - 7.8

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Lake Awassa 1: 33.20 ug As/kg wet weight
Lake Awassa 2: 19.24 ug As/kg wet weight
Lake Awassa 3: 21.80 ug As/kg wet weight
Koka Reservoir 1: 15.70 ug As/kg wet weight
Koka Reservoir 2: 6.58 ug As/kg wet weight
Koka Reservoir 3: 11.78 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Lake Awassa 1: 0.21 ug As/L
Lake Awassa 2: 2.80 ug As/L
Lake Awassa 3: 2.50 ug As/L
Koka Reservoir 1: 0.57 ug As/L
Koka Reservoir 2: 3.00 ug As/L
Koka Reservoir 3: 2.20 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.21 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.2 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Lake Awassa 1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.8 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.84 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Lake Awassa 2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.5 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.94 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Lake Awassa 3

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.57 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.44 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Koka Reservoir 1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.34 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Koka Reservoir 2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.73 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Koka Reservoir 3

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Labeobarbus intermedius ranged between 0.3 and 2.2 L/kg wet weight at six sampling places in Ethiopia.

Reference 6

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
bought from local fishermen with gill nets, refrigerated, dissected dried at 105°C.

Water:
100 mL water samples taken below the water surface using syringes equipped with 0.45 μm cellulose filters

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

not applicable

Test organisms (species):

other: Oreochromis niloticus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

6.64 - 7.8

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Lake Awassa 1: 52.00 ug As/kg wet weight
Lake Awassa 2: 8.94 ug As/kg wet weight
Lake Awassa 3: 16.50 ug As/kg wet weight
Koka Reservoir 1: 11.22 ug As/kg wet weight
Koka Reservoir 2: 9.84 ug As/kg wet weight
Koka Reservoir 3: 6.86 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Lake Awassa 1: 0.21 ug As/L
Lake Awassa 2: 2.80 ug As/L
Lake Awassa 3: 2.50 ug As/L
Koka Reservoir 1: 0.57 ug As/L
Koka Reservoir 2: 3.00 ug As/L
Koka Reservoir 3: 2.20 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.21 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.39 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Lake Awassa 1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.8 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.5 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Lake Awassa 2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.5 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.82 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Lake Awassa 3

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.57 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.29 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Koka Reservoir 1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.52 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Koka Reservoir 2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.49 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Koka Reservoir 3

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus ranged between 0.5 and 2.4 L/kg wet weight at six sampling places in Ethiopia.

Reference 7

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
rod fishing and trawling nets used to collect fish, dissected

Water:
not mentioned

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

not applicable

Test organisms (species):

other: Astyanax fasciatus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

26°C

pH:

8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

145 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
4.00 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
3.67 ug/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.67 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.09 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Embalse

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Astyanax fasciatus amounted to 1 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Embalse, Rio Tercero Reservoir, Cordoba, Argentina).

Reference 8

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
rod fishing and trawling nets used to collect fish, dissected

Water:
not mentioned

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

not applicable

Test organisms (species):

other: Bryconamericus iheringii

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Embalse: 26°C
Rio Grande: 24°C
Central Nuclear: 23°C

pH:

Embalse: 8.2
Rio Grande: 7.5
Central Nuclear: 9.1

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Embalse: 145 uS/cm
Rio Grande: 130 uS/cm
Central Nuclear: 189 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Embalse: 414 ug As/kg wet weight
Rio Grande: 54 ug As/kg wet weight
Central Nuclear: 106 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Embalse: 3.67 ug/L
Rio Grande: 3.72 ug/L
Central Nuclear: 3.85 ug/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.67 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

112.81 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Embalse

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.72 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

14.52 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Rio Grande

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.85 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

27.53 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Central Nuclear

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Bryconamericus iheringii amounted to 113, 15, and 28 L/kg wet weight after sampling in Embalse, Rio Grande, and Central Nuclear, respectively (Rio Tercero Reservoir, Cordoba, Argentina).

Reference 9

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
rod fishing and trawling nets used to collect fish, dissected

Water:
not mentioned

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

not applicable

Test organisms (species):

other: Hoplias malabaricus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

26°C

pH:

8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

145 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
42 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
3.67 ug/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.67 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

11.44 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Embalse

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Hoplias malabaricus amounted to 11 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Embalse, Rio Tercero Reservoir, Cordoba, Argentina).

Reference 10

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
rod fishing and trawling nets used to collect fish, dissected

Water:
not mentioned

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

not applicable

Test organisms (species):

other: Odontesthes bonariensis

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Rio Grande: 24°C
Central Nuclear: 23°C

pH:

Rio Grande: 7.5
Central Nuclear: 9.1

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Rio Grande: 130 uS/cm
Central Nuclear: 189 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Rio Grande: 194 ug As/kg wet weight
Central Nuclear: 144 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Rio Grande: 3.72 ug/L
Central Nuclear: 3.85 ug/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.72 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

52.15 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Rio Grande

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.85 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

37.4 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Central Nuclear

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the fish Odontesthes bonariensis amounted to 52 and 37 L/kg wet weight after sampling in Rio Grande and Central Nuclear (Rio Tercero Reservoir, Cordoba, Argentina).

Reference 11

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
rod fishing and trawling nets used to collect fish, dissected

Water:
not mentioned

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

not applicable

Test organisms (species):

other: Oligosarcus jenynsii

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Embalse: 26°C
Rio Grande: 24°C

pH:

Embalse: 8.2
Rio Grande: 7.5

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Embalse: 145 uS/cm
Rio Grande: 130 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Embalse: 74 ug As/kg wet weight
Rio Grande: 66 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Embalse: 3.67 ug/L
Rio Grande: 3.72 ug/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.67 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

20.16 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Embalse

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.72 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

17.74 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Rio Grande

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Oligosarcus jenynsii amounted to 18 and 20 L/kg wet weight after sampling in Embalse and Rio Grande (Rio Tercero Reservoir, Cordoba, Argentina).

Reference 12

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
rod fishing and trawling nets used to collect fish, dissected

Water:
not mentioned

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

not applicable

Test organisms (species):

other: Rhamdia quelen

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

26°C

pH:

8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

145 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
132 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
3.67 ug/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.67 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

35.97 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Embalse

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen amounted to 36 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Embalse, Rio Tercero Reservoir, Cordoba, Argentina).

Reference 13

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
captured with a fishing rod, iced, dissected, dried at 40°C, stored at -20°C

Water:
superficial samples collected in PE bottles

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

other: Odontesthes bonariensis

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Fish:
dry season: 500 ug As/kg wet weight
wet season: 840 ug As/kg wet weight

Water:
dry season: 0.98 ug As/L
wet season: 1.47 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.98 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

510.2 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: dry season

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.47 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

571.43 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: wet season

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the fish Odontesthes bonariensis amounted to 541 L/kg wet weight on average for dry and wet season in Los Molinos Lake, Cordoba, Argentina.

Reference 14

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
freeze-dried, stored at -20°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Erythroculter erythropterus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

< 0.5 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 380 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured in water: 0.9 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.9 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

422.22 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Erythroculter erythropterus amounted to 422 L/kg wet weight (sampling around Pohang City, South Korea).

Reference 15

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
freeze-dried, stored at -20°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Fugu niphobles

Details on test organisms:

saltwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

26 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 980 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured in water: 8 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

8 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

122.5 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Fugu niphobles amounted to 122.5 L/kg wet weight (sampling around Pohang City, South Korea).

Reference 16

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
freeze-dried, stored at -20°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Iksookimia hugowolfeldi

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

< 0.5 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 260 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured in water: 0.9 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.9 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

288.89 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Iksookimia hugowolfeldi amounted to 289 L/kg wet weight (sampling around Pohang City, South Korea).

Reference 17

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
freeze-dried, stored at -20°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

Mugil cephalus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

< 0.9 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 820 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured in water: 0.75 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1 093.33 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Mugil cephalus amounted to 1093 L/kg wet weight (sampling around Pohang City, South Korea).

Reference 18

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
freeze-dried, stored at -20°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Misgurnus mizolepis

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

< 0.3 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 138 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured in water: 0.89 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.89 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

155.06 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Misgurnus mizolepis amounted to 155 L/kg wet weight (sampling around Pohang City, South Korea).

Reference 19

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
freeze-dried, stored at -20°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Moroco oxycephalus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

< 0.5 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 620 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured in water: 0.9 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.9 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

688.98 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Moroco oxycephalus amounted to 689 L/kg wet weight (sampling around Pohang City, South Korea).

Reference 20

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
freeze-dried, stored at -20°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Rhinogobius giurinus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

Site M4: < 0.5 g/L
Site M5: < 0.4 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Site M4: 360 ug As/kg wet weight
Site M5: 170 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Site M4: 0.9 ug As/L
Site M5: 0.82 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.9 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

400 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Site M4

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.82 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

207.32 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Site M5

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Rhinogobius giurinus amounted to 207 and 400 L/kg wet weight at two different sites (sampling around Pohang City, South Korea).

Reference 21

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
freeze-dried, stored at -20°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Rhynchocypris oxycephalus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

< 0.4 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 156 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured in water: 0.82 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.82 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

190.24 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Rhynchocypris oxycephalus amounted to 190 L/kg wet weight (sampling around Pohang City, South Korea).

Reference 22

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
freeze-dried, stored at -20°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Tridentiger brevispinis

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

< 0.4 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 320 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured in water: 0.82 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.82 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

390.24 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Tridentiger brevipinis amounted to 390 L/kg wet weight (sampling around Pohang City, South Korea).

Reference 23

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
freeze-dried, stored at -20°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Tridentiger obscurus

Details on test organisms:

saltwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

16.8 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 1080 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured in water: 5 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

216 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Tridentiger obscurus amounted to 216 L/kg wet weight (sampling around Pohang City, South Korea).

Reference 24

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
freeze-dried, stored at -20°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Zacco temmincki

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

< 0.4 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 440 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured in water: 0.82 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.82 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

536.59 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Zacco temmincki amounted to 537 L/kg wet weight (sampling around Pohang City, South Korea).

Reference 25

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish were captured using fyke net, dispatched, ice-cooled, dissected for muscle

Water:
collected in PE bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Aristichthys nobilis

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish: 49.20 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured concentration in water: 3.21 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.21 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

15.33 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Aristichthys nobilis amounted to 15 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Lake Caizi, Southeast of China).

Reference 26

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish were captured using fyke net, dispatched, ice-cooled, dissected for muscle

Water:
collected in PE bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Culter alburnus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish: 107.40 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured concentration in water: 3.21 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.21 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

33.46 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Culter alburnus amounted to 33 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Lake Caizi, Southeast of China).

Reference 27

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish were captured using fyke net, dispatched, ice-cooled, dissected for muscle

Water:
collected in PE bottles

Test organisms (species):

Carassius auratus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish: 79.40 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured concentration in water: 3.21 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.21 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

24.74 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Carassius auratus amounted to 25 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Lake Caizi, Southeast of China).

Reference 28

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish were captured using fyke net, dispatched, ice-cooled, dissected for muscle

Water:
collected in PE bottles

Test organisms (species):

Cyprinus carpio

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish: 67.40 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured concentration in water: 3.21 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.21 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

21 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio amounted to 21 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Lake Caizi, Southeast of China).

Reference 29

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish were captured using fyke net, dispatched, ice-cooled, dissected for muscle

Water:
collected in PE bottles

Test organisms (species):

Ctenopharyngodon idella

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish: 11.00 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured concentration in water: 3.21 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.21 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

3.43 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Ctenopharyngodon idella amounted to 3.4 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Lake Caizi, Southeast of China).

Reference 30

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish were captured using fyke net, dispatched, ice-cooled, dissected for muscle

Water:
collected in PE bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish: 59.20 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured concentration in water: 3.21 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.21 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

18.44 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Hypophthalmichthys molitrix amounted to 18 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Lake Caizi, Southeast of China).

Reference 31

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish were captured using fyke net, dispatched, ice-cooled, dissected for muscle

Water:
collected in PE bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Megalobrama amblycephala

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish: 48.00 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured concentration in water: 3.21 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.21 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

14.95 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Megalobrama amblycephala amounted to 15 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Lake Caizi, Southeast of China).

Reference 32

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish were captured using fyke net, dispatched, ice-cooled, dissected for muscle

Water:
collected in PE bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Silurus asotus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish: 13.80 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured concentration in water: 3.21 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.21 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

4.3 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Silurus asotus amounted to 4.3 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Lake Caizi, Southeast of China).

Reference 33

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

no data available

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Publication has been subject to peer and adminsitrative review. Scientific methodology is in line with ECHA Guidance on information requirements & CSA, Appendix R.7.13-2: Environmental risk assessment for metals and metal compounds (2008). Document referenced in review by ATSDR (2007).

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Computation of BAF values based on literature data: The selection of field data from journal articles, data processing and computing is in line with ECHA Guidance on information requirements & CSA, Appendix R.7.13-2: Environmental risk assessment for metals and metal compounds (2008).

GLP compliance:

not specified

Radiolabelling:

no

Route of exposure:

other: water, food and sediment (field study)

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

other: natural water: freshwater and marine

Type:

BAF

Value:

615 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: median of field-measured BAFs of 50 freshwater species from trophic level 2 (primary consumers), range: 7.4-19000 L/kg w.w.

Type:

BAF

Value:

30 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: median of field-measured BAFs of 38 freshwater species from trophic level 3 (secondary consumers), range: 2.0-1000 L/kg w.w.

Type:

BAF

Value:

45 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: median of field-measured BAFs of 3 freshwater species from trophic level 4 (predatory fish), range: 5.8-270 L/kg w.w.

Type:

BAF

Value:

5 866 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: median of field-measured BAFs of 4 marine bivalve species, range: 880-8382 L/kg w.w.

A multispecies BAF was computed from published field-measured BAFs. It was assumed that the rates of arsenic uptake and elimination are at balance and that the arsenic distribution between organism and water is at steady-state. BAFs estimated using data available from the field were calculated using the ratio of tissue and water arsenic data (BAF= Ct/Cw, where: Ct = arsenic concentration in wet tissue (either whole organism or specified tissue), and Cw = dissolved arsenic concentration in water). When more reliable BAF values were available for the same species, the geometric mean was used as representative BAF value.

 

The freshwater data set covered 91 species of various taxonomic groups, including small and large zooplankton species, i.e.copepods and cladocerans, several invertebrate and fish species, i.e. herbivores, omnivores and carnivores (see attachement).

 

The marine data set covered 4 marine species, including bivalves, mussels and oysters (Scrobicularia plana, Isognomon sp., Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea virginica) (see attachement).

The median values were computed for each trophic level in lentic and lotic freshwater and in saltwater assuming a log-normal distribution

 

Summary

Trophic level	Marine species- Geometric Mean - BAFs Range(number) Median	Marine species
2	880 - 8,400 (n=4) 5866	Scrobicularia plana, Isognomon sp., Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea virginica

 

 

Trophic level	Lentic freshwater species Geometric Mean BAFs Range (number) Median	Lentic freshwater species
2	10 - 19,000 (n=43) 664	small and large zooplankton species, i.e.copepods and cladocerans, Oligochaeta, Gastropoda, Pelecypoda, Amphipoda, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Corixidae, Chironomidae
3	4.0 – 95 (n=18) 18	Hirudinae, Odonata: Anispotera, Odonata: Zygoptera, Coleoptera: Gyrinidae, Hemiptera: Gerridae, Hemiptera: Notonectidae, Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Hydracarnia, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae: Tanypodinae, Cyprinus carpio, Alosa sp., Ictalurus punctatus, Cyprinodontiformes, Pomoxis nigromaculatus, Lepomis macrochirus, Perca flavescens, Cottoidea
4	45 – 46 (n=1) 45	Micropterus salmoides
Median	270 (n=62)

 

Trophic level	Lotic freshwater species Geometric Mean BAFs Range (number) Median	Lotic freshwater species
2	7.4 - 3,800 (n=7) 600	Semisulcospira libertine, Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Plecoptera/ Pteronacidae/ Pteronarcy, Trichoptera/Hydropsychidae, Trichoptera, Stenopsyche marmorata, Diptera/Tipulidae
3	(2.0 - 1,000) (n=20) 175	Macrobranchiura nipponense, Crustacea/ Decapoda, Plecoptera/ Perlidae/ Acroneuria, Odonata/ Aeshnidae/ Aeshna, Megaloptera/ Corydalidae, Plotohermes grandis, Salvelinus fontinalis, Plecoglossus altivelis, Cyprinus carpio, Phoxinus steindachneri, Rhinichthys atratulus, Semotilus atromaculatus, Trobolodon hakonensis, Catostomus commersoni, Ameierus nebulosus, Ictalurus punctatus, Pylodictis olivaris, Sicyopterus japonicas, Rhinogobius sp., Cottus bairdi
4	5.8 – 270 (n=2) 40	Salvelinus fontinalis, Oncorhynchus masou
Median	270 (n=29)

Conclusions:

BAF values are not constant across arsenic concentrations in fresh- and saltwater. BAF values from these studies ranged from 2 to 19,000 and appear to be the highest within the range of ambient arsenic concentrations and decline to relatively low values as arsenic water concentrations increase. Regardless, all BAF values were analysed together in a weight-of-evidence approach for fresh- and saltwater, respectively. The median of freshwater BAF values assuming a log-normal distribution is 270 L/kg wet weight (n=91), and this value was selected for the chemical safety assessment. The median of saltwater BAF values assuming a log-normal distribution is 5866 L/kg wet weight (n=4), and this value was considered for the chemical safety assessment.

Reference 34

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
euthanized and frozen -20°C

Water:
collected in PE bottles

Test organisms (species):

Carassius auratus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

13.96 - 15.02°C

pH:

7.44 - 7.50

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
reference site: 32 ug As/kg wet weight
XZZ: 32 ug As/kg wet weight
PY: 32 ug As/kg wet weight
GQ: 32 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
reference site: 7.47 ug As/L
XZZ: 12.39 ug As/L
PY: 10.33 ug As/L
GQ: 11.07 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

7.47 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

4.28 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Reference site

Key result

Conc. / dose:

12.39 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.58 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: XZZ near coal mine

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10.33 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

3.1 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: PY near coal mine

Key result

Conc. / dose:

11.07 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.89 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: GQ near coal mine

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Carassius auratus gibelio ranged between 2.6 and 4.3 L/kg wet weight at three sites near a cole mine and a reference site in Anhui Province, China.

Reference 35

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught by local fishermen, euthanised, placed in a freezer storage box, stored at -20°C, dissected after thawing

Water:
pond water collected, no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Chelon sp.

Details on test organisms:

freshwater species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

2 - urban: 8.39

TOC:

2 - urban: 4.75 mg/L

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
2 - urban: 413.56 ug As/kg wet weight (fish1)
337.76 ug As/kg wet weight (fish2)
414.22 ug As/kg wet weight (fish3)
505.48 ug As/kg wet weight (fish4)
378.23 ug As/kg wet weight (fish5)

Measured in water:
2 - urban: 6.34 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

6.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

65.23 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 2 - urban

Remarks:

fish1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

6.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

53.27 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 2 - urban

Remarks:

fish2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

6.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

65.33 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 2 - urban

Remarks:

fish3

Key result

Conc. / dose:

6.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

79.73 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 2 - urban

Remarks:

fish4

Key result

Conc. / dose:

6.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

59.66 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 2 - urban

Remarks:

fish5

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Chelon sp. ranged between 53 and 80 L/kg wet weight in aquaculture at West Bengal, India.

Reference 36

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught by local fishermen, euthanised, placed in a freezer storage box, stored at -20°C, dissected after thawing

Water:
pond water collected, no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Details on test organisms:

freshwater species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

2 - urban: 8.39
3 - rural: 8.35
4 - rural: 8.34
6 - urban: 8.45
8 - rural: 8.29

TOC:

2 - urban: 4.75 mg/L
3 - rural: 15.7 mg/L
4 - rural: 6.19 mg/L
6 - urban: 6.35 mg/L
8 - rural: 5.49 mg/L

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
2 - urban: 65.46 ug As/kg wet weight (fish 1)
68.59 ug As/kg wet weight (fish 2)
70.09 ug As/kg wet weight (fish 3)
3 - rural: 29.72 ug As/kg wet weight (fish1)
31.84 ug As/kg wet weight (fish2)
32.10 ug As/kg wet weight (fish3)
29.52 ug As/kg wet weight (fish4)
36.79 ug As/kg wet weight (fish5)
4 - rural: 85.17 ug As/kg wet weight (fish1)
79.59 ug As/kg wet weight (fish2)
64.66 ug As/kg wet weight (fish3)
78.37 ug As/kg wet weight (fish4)
78.02 ug As/kg wet weight (fish5)
6 - urban: 41.57 ug As/kg wet weight
8 - rural: 51.27 ug As/kg wet weight (fish1)
57.75 ug As/kg wet weight (fish2)
53.06 ug As/kg wet weight (fish3)

Measured in water:
2 - urban: 6.34 ug As/L
3 - rural: 5.20 ug As/L
4 - rural: 3.75 ug As/L
6 - urban: 10.34 ug As/L
8 - rural: 8.87 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

6.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

10.33 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 2 - urban

Remarks:

fish1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

6.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

10.82 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 2 - urban

Remarks:

fish2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

6.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

11.05 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 2 - urban

Remarks:

fish3

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

5.72 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

6.12 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

6.17 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish3

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

5.68 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish4

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

7.08 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish5

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

22.71 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 4 - rural

Remarks:

fish1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

21.22 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 4 - rural

Remarks:

fish2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

17.24 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 4 - rural

Remarks:

fish3

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

20.9 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 4 - rural

Remarks:

fish4

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

20.81 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 4 - rural

Remarks:

fish5

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

4.02 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 6 - urban

Key result

Conc. / dose:

8.87 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

5.78 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 8 - rural

Remarks:

fish1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

8.87 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

6.51 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 8 - rural

Remarks:

fish2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

8.87 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

5.98 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 8 - rural

Remarks:

fish3

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ranged between 4.0 and 22.7 L/kg wet weight in aquaculture at West Bengal, India.

Reference 37

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught by local fishermen, euthanised, placed in a freezer storage box, stored at -20°C, dissected after thawing

Water:
pond water collected, no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Labeo rohita

Details on test organisms:

freshwater species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

1 - urban: 8.24
3 - rural: 8.35
5 - urban: 8.46
6 - urban: 8.45
7 - urban: 8.4
8 - rural: 8.29

TOC:

1 - urban: 6.09 mg/L
3 - rural: 15.7 mg/L
5 - urban: 7.86 mg/L
6 - urban: 6.35 mg/L
7 - urban: 5.34 mg/L
8 - rural: 5.49 mg/L

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
1 - urban: 61.76 ug As/kg wet weight
3 - rural: 47.73 ug As/kg wet weight (fish1)
41.81 ug As/kg wet weight (fish2)
73.90 ug As/kg wet weight (fish3)
64.62 ug As/kg wet weight (fish4)
109.41 ug As/kg wet weight (fish5)
34.55 ug As/kg wet weight (fish6)
5 - urban: 108.28 ug As/kg wet weight
6 - urban: 72.12 ug As/kg wet weight (fish1)
66.72 ug As/kg wet weight (fish2)
7 - urban: 85.15 ug As/kg wet weight (fish1)
65.94 ug As/kg wet weight (fish2)
45.65 ug As/kg wet weight (fish3)
52.64 ug As/kg wet weight (fish4)
8 - rural: 47.80 ug As/kg wet weight (fish1)
21.93 ug As/kg wet weight (fish2)
24.79 ug As/kg wet weight (fish3)
43.82 ug As/kg wet weight (fish4)

Measured in water:
1 - urban: 4.63 ug As/L
3 - rural: 5.20 ug As/L
5 - urban: 9.66 ug As/L
6 - urban: 10.34 ug As/L
7 - urban: 1.83 ug As/L
8 - rural: 8.87 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

4.63 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

13.34 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 1- urban

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

9.18 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

8.04 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

14.21 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish3

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

12.43 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish4

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

21.04 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish5

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

6.64 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish6

Key result

Conc. / dose:

9.66 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

11.21 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 5 - urban

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

6.97 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 6 - urban

Remarks:

fish1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

6.45 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 6 - urban

Remarks:

fish2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.83 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

46.53 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 7 - urban

Remarks:

fish1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.83 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

36.03 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 7 - urban

Remarks:

fish2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.83 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

24.94 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 7 - urban

Remarks:

fish3

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.83 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

28.76 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 7 - urban

Remarks:

fish4

Key result

Conc. / dose:

8.87 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

5.39 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 8 - rural

Remarks:

fish1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

8.87 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.47 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 8 - rural

Remarks:

fish2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

8.87 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.79 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 8 - rural

Remarks:

fish3

Key result

Conc. / dose:

8.87 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

4.94 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 8 - rural

Remarks:

fish4

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita ranged between 2.5 and 46.5 L/kg wet weight in aquaculture at West Bengal, India.

Reference 38

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught by local fishermen, euthanised, placed in a freezer storage box, stored at -20°C, dissected after thawing

Water:
pond water collected, no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Puntius sarana

Details on test organisms:

freshwater species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

3 - rural: 8.35
6 - urban: 8.45

TOC:

3 - rural: 15.7 mg/L
6 - urban: 6.35 mg/L

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
3 - rural: 458.05 ug As/kg wet weight (fish1)
103.31 ug As/kg wet weight (fish2)
6 - urban: 33.90 ug As/kg wet weight (fish1)
20.98 ug As/kg wet weight (fish2)

Measured in water:
3 - rural: 5.20 ug As/L
6 - urban: 10.34 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

88.09 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

19.87 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Remarks:

fish2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

3.28 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 6 - urban

Remarks:

fish1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10.34 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.03 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 6 - urban

Remarks:

fish2

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Puntius sarana ranged between 2.0 and 88.1 L/kg wet weight in aquaculture at West Bengal, India.

Reference 39

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught by local fishermen, euthanised, placed in a freezer storage box, stored at -20°C, dissected after thawing

Water:
pond water collected, no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Talapia

Details on test organisms:

freshwater species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

3 - rural: 8.35

TOC:

3 - rural: 15.7 mg/L

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
3 - rural: 57.97 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
3 - rural: 5.20 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.2 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

11.15 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 3 - rural

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Talapia amounted to 11 L/kg wet weight in aquaculture at West Bengal, India.

Reference 40

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Study in recirculating aquaculture systems.
Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
dissection for muscle, stored at -20°C

Water:
no details
collected every 15 days of 71 days test duration

Test organisms (species):

other: Oreochromis niloticus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

other: recirculating aquaculture systems

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Remarks:

well water

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentrations in fish:
30 L/kg feed/d water exchange rate: 850 ug As/kg wet weight
70 L/kg feed/d water exchange rate: 790 ug As/kg wet weight
1500 L/kg feed/d water exchange rate: 730 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured concentrations in water:
30 L/kg feed/d water exchange rate: 19.9 ug As/L
70 L/kg feed/d water exchange rate: 16.1 ug As/L
1500 L/kg feed/d water exchange rate: 7.92 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

19.9 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

42.71 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 30 L/kg feed/d water exchange rate

Key result

Conc. / dose:

16.1 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

49.07 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 70 L/kg feed/d water exchange rate

Key result

Conc. / dose:

7.92 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

92.17 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: 1500 L/kg feed/d water exchange rate

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

At a water exchange rate of 30, 70, and 1500 L/kg feed/d, the BAF of As in Oreochromis niloticus in recirculating aquaculture systems (with well water) amounted to 43, 49, and 92 L/kg wet weight, respectively.

Reference 41

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected with net, dissected for muscle, washed with distilled water, stored at -20°C

Water:
collected and filtered through 0.45 μm Millipore filter

Test organisms (species):

other: Arystichthys nobilis

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish: 690 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured concentration in water: 259 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

259 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

10.17 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Arystichthys nobilis amounted to 10 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Gruza Reservoir, Central Serbia).

Reference 42

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected with net, dissected for muscle, washed with distilled water, stored at -20°C

Water:
collected and filtered through 0.45 μm Millipore filter

Test organisms (species):

other: Carassius gibelio

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish: 51 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured concentration in water: 259 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

259 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.41 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Carassius gibelio amounted to 0.41 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Gruza Reservoir, Central Serbia).

Reference 43

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected with net, dissected for muscle, washed with distilled water, stored at -20°C

Water:
collected and filtered through 0.45 μm Millipore filter

Test organisms (species):

other: Silurus glanis

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish: 45 ug As/kg wet weight
Measured concentration in water: 259 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

259 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.37 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Silurus glanis amounted to 0.37 L/kg wet weight (sampling in Gruza Reservoir, Central Serbia).

Reference 44

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using the method by Ney and van Hussel (1983), dissected and oven-dried at 60°C

Water:
collected at a depth of about 15 cm, filtration through 0.45 μm millipore membrane, stored at 4°C

Test organisms (species):

other: Clarias gariepinus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured As concentrations in fish:
Station A: 122 ug As/kg wet weight
Station B: 122 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured As concentrations in water:
Station A: 280 ug As/L
Station B: 284 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

280 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.44 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Station A

Key result

Conc. / dose:

284 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.43 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Station B

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Clarias gariepinus amounted to 0.4 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Otokutu end of Warri River, Nigeria).

Reference 45

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using the method by Ney and van Hussel (1983), dissected and oven-dried at 60°C

Water:
collected at a depth of about 15 cm, filtration through 0.45 μm millipore membrane, stored at 4°C

Test organisms (species):

other: Tilapia mariae

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured As concentrations in fish:
Station A: 112 ug As/kg wet weight
Station B: 112 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured As concentrations in water:
Station A: 280 ug As/L
Station B: 284 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

280 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.4 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Station A

Key result

Conc. / dose:

284 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

0.39 L/kg

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Station B

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Tilapia mariae amounted to 0.4 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Otokutu end of Warri River, Nigeria).

Reference 46

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected from local fishermen, frozen at -20°C, fish thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscles and whole body samples

Water:
2 L surface water (0.5 m below sea level) and bottom water (0.5 m above sea floor) collected and stored at 4°C, filtered through GF/C (0.7 μm)

Test organisms (species):

other: Lutjanus malabaricus

Details on test organisms:

saltwater species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Daya Bay: 23.81°C
Hailing Bay: n.r.

pH:

Daya Bay: 8.25
Hailing Bay: 8.05

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

Daya Bay: 1.68 mg/L
Hailing Bay: 4.03 mg/L

Salinity:

Daya Bay: 31.52 g/L
Hailing Bay: n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

measured As concentration in fish:
Daya Bay: 20 ug As/kg wet weight
Hailing Bay: 28 ug As/kg wet weight

measured As concentration in water:
Daya Bay: 1.4 ug As/L
Hailing Bay: 1.3 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.4 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

14.29 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Daya Bay

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.3 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

21.54 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Hailing Bay

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the saltwater fish Lutjanus malabaricus amounted to 14 and 22 L/kg wet weight after sampling in Daya Bay and Hailing Bay (South China).

Reference 47

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected from local fishermen, frozen at -20°C, fish thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscles and whole body samples

Water:
2 L surface water (0.5 m below sea level) and bottom water (0.5 m above sea floor) collected and stored at 4°C, filtered through GF/C (0.7 μm)

Test organisms (species):

other: Trachinotus blochii

Details on test organisms:

saltwater species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Daya Bay: 23.81°C
Hailing Bay: n.r.

pH:

Daya Bay: 8.25
Hailing Bay: 8.05

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

Daya Bay: 1.68 mg/L
Hailing Bay: 4.03 mg/L

Salinity:

Daya Bay: 31.52 g/L
Hailing Bay: n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

measured As concentration in fish:
Daya Bay: 34 ug As/kg wet weight
Hailing Bay: 46 ug As/kg wet weight

measured As concentration in water:
Daya Bay: 1.4 ug As/L
Hailing Bay: 1.3 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.4 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

24.29 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Daya Bay

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.3 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

35.38 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Hailing Bay

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the saltwater fish Trachinotus blochii amounted to 24 and 35 L/kg wet weight after sampling in Daya Bay and Hailing Bay (South China).

Reference 48

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught using fishing gears, washed with deionised water

Water:
surface water manually collected at 0.5 m depth in PE-tereftalate bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Astyanax eigenmanniorum

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Las Oscuras: 16.52°C
Valle Hermoso: 19.25°C

pH:

Las Oscuras: 8.75
Valle Hermoso: 9.15

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Las Oscuras: 1660 uS/cm
Valle Hermoso: 3932 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish:
Las Oscuras: 326.28 ug As/kg wet weight
Valle Hermoso: 436.32 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured concentration in water:
Las Oscuras: 69.00 ug As/L
Valle Hermoso: 156.75 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

69 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

4.73 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Las Oscuras

Key result

Conc. / dose:

156.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.78 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Valle Hermoso

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Astyanax eigenmanniorum amounted to 2.8 and 4.7 L/kg wet weight at three sampling sites of the Pampa plain in Argentina.

Reference 49

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught using fishing gears, washed with deionised water

Water:
surface water manually collected at 0.5 m depth in PE-tereftalate bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Australoheros facetus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Valle Hermoso: 19.25°C

pH:

Valle Hermoso: 9.15

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Valle Hermoso: 3932 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish:
Valle Hermoso: 261.42 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured concentration in water:
Valle Hermoso: 156.75 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

156.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.67 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Valle Hermoso

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Australoheros facetus amounted to 1.7 L/kg wet weight at a sampling site of the Pampa plain in Argentina.

Reference 50

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught using fishing gears, washed with deionised water

Water:
surface water manually collected at 0.5 m depth in PE-tereftalate bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Bryconamericus iheringii

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Salado River: 17.43°C
Sauce Grande Lake: 17.05°C
Valle Hermoso: 19.25°C

pH:

Salado River: 8.16
Sauce Grande Lake: 9.54
Valle Hermoso: 9.15

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Salado River: 8790 uS/cm
Sauce Grande Lake: 6025 uS/cm
Valle Hermoso: 3932 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish:
Salado River: 273.28 ug As/kg wet weight
Sauce Grande Lake: 192.10 ug As/kg wet weight
Valle Hermoso: 168.68 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured concentration in water:
Salado River: 92.00 ug As/L
Sauce Grande Lake: 171.25 ug As/L
Valle Hermoso: 156.75 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

92 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.97 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Salado River

Key result

Conc. / dose:

171.25 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.12 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Sauce Grande Lake

Key result

Conc. / dose:

156.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.08 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Valle Hermoso

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Bryconamericus iheringii ranged between 1.1 and 3.0 L/kg wet weight at three sampling sites of the Pampa plain in Argentina.

Reference 51

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught using fishing gears, washed with deionised water

Water:
surface water manually collected at 0.5 m depth in PE-tereftalate bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Cheirodon interruptus

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Salado River: 17.43°C
Las Oscuras: 16.52°C
Sauce Grande Lake: 17.05°C

pH:

Salado River: 8.16
Las Oscuras: 8.75
Sauce Grande Lake: 9.54

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Salado River: 8790 uS/cm
Las Oscuras: 1660 uS/cm
Sauce Grande Lake: 6025 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish:
Salado River: 413.60 ug As/kg wet weight
Las Oscuras: 420.90 ug As/kg wet weight
Sauce Grande Lake: 892.42 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured concentration in water:
Salado River: 92.00 ug As/L
Las Oscuras: 69.00 ug As/L
Sauce Grande Lake: 171.25 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

92 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.74 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Salado River

Key result

Conc. / dose:

69 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

6.1 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Las Oscuras

Key result

Conc. / dose:

171.25 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

5.2 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Sauce Grande Lake

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Cheirodon interruptus ranged between 1.7 and 6.1 L/kg wet weight at three sampling sites of the Pampa plain in Argentina.

Reference 52

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught using fishing gears, washed with deionised water

Water:
surface water manually collected at 0.5 m depth in PE-tereftalate bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Cyphocharax voga

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Salado River: 17.43°C
Sauce Grande Lake: 17.05°C

pH:

Salado River: 8.16
Sauce Grande Lake: 9.54

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Salado River: 8790 uS/cm
Sauce Grande Lake: 6025 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish:
Salado River: 196.46 ug As/kg wet weight
Sauce Grande Lake: 469.76 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured concentration in water:
Salado River: 92.00 ug As/L
Sauce Grande Lake: 171.25 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

92 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.14 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Salado River

Key result

Conc. / dose:

171.25 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.74 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Sauce Grande Lake

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Cyphocharax voga amounted to 2.1 and 2.7 L/kg wet weight at two sampling sites of the Pampa plain in Argentina.

Reference 53

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught using fishing gears, washed with deionised water

Water:
surface water manually collected at 0.5 m depth in PE-tereftalate bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Jenynsia multidentata

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Salado River: 17.43°C
Quenquen Salado River: 18.32°C
Las Oscuras: 16.52°C
Sauce Grande Lake: 17.05°C
Valle Hermoso: 19.25°C

pH:

Salado River: 8.16
Quenquen Salado River: 9.19
Las Oscuras: 8.75
Sauce Grande Lake: 9.54
Valle Hermoso: 9.15

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Salado River: 8790 uS/cm
Quenquen Salado River: 6096 uS/cm
Las Oscuras: 1660 uS/cm
Sauce Grande Lake: 6025 uS/cm
Valle Hermoso: 3932 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish:
Salado River: 380.28 ug As/kg wet weight
Quenquen Salado River: 294.82 ug As/kg wet weight
Las Oscuras: 500.46 ug As/kg wet weight
Sauce Grande Lake: 378.58 ug As/kg wet weight
Valle Hermoso: 554.60 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured concentration in water:
Salado River: 92.00 ug As/L
Quenquen Salado River: 140.75 ug As/L
Las Oscuras: 69.00 ug As/L
Sauce Grande Lake: 171.25 ug As/L
Valle Hermoso: 156.75 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

92 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.54 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Salado River

Key result

Conc. / dose:

140.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

3.56 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Quenquen Salado River

Key result

Conc. / dose:

69 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

7.25 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Las Oscuras

Key result

Conc. / dose:

171.25 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.21 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Sauce Grande Lake

Key result

Conc. / dose:

156.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

3.54 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Valle Hermoso

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Jenynsia multidentata ranged between 1.5 and 7.3 L/kg wet weight at five sampling sites of the Pampa plain in Argentina.

Reference 54

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught using fishing gears, washed with deionised water

Water:
surface water manually collected at 0.5 m depth in PE-tereftalate bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Odontesthes bonariensis

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Salado River: 17.43°C
Quenquen Salado River: 18.32°C
Sauce Grande Lake: 17.05°C

pH:

Salado River: 8.16
Quenquen Salado River: 9.19
Sauce Grande Lake: 9.54

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Salado River: 8790 uS/cm
Quenquen Salado River: 6096 uS/cm
Sauce Grande Lake: 6025 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish:
Salado River: 175.54 ug As/kg wet weight
Quenquen Salado River: 246.42 ug As/kg wet weight
Sauce Grande Lake: 202.68 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured concentration in water:
Salado River: 92.00 ug As/L
Quenquen Salado River: 140.75 ug As/L
Sauce Grande Lake: 171.25 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

92 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.91 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Salado River

Key result

Conc. / dose:

140.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.71 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Quenquen Salado River

Key result

Conc. / dose:

171.25 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.18 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Sauce Grande Lake

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the fish Odontesthes bonariensis ranged between 1.2 and 1.9 L/kg wet weight at three sampling sites of the Pampa plain in Argentina.

Reference 55

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught using fishing gears, washed with deionised water

Water:
surface water manually collected at 0.5 m depth in PE-tereftalate bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Oligosarcus jenynsii

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Salado River: 17.43°C
Quenquen Salado River: 18.32°C
Las Oscuras: 16.52°C
Sauce Grande Lake: 17.05°C
Valle Hermoso: 19.25°C

pH:

Salado River: 8.16
Quenquen Salado River: 9.19
Las Oscuras: 8.75
Sauce Grande Lake: 9.54
Valle Hermoso: 9.15

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Salado River: 8790 uS/cm
Quenquen Salado River: 6096 uS/cm
Las Oscuras: 1660 uS/cm
Sauce Grande Lake: 6025 uS/cm
Valle Hermoso: 3932 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish:
Salado River: 331.16 ug As/kg wet weight
Quenquen Salado River: 160.14 ug As/kg wet weight
Las Oscuras: 240.84 ug As/kg wet weight
Sauce Grande Lake: 196.46 ug As/kg wet weight
Valle Hermoso: 303.54 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured concentration in water:
Salado River: 92.00 ug As/L
Quenquen Salado River: 140.75 ug As/L
Las Oscuras: 69.00 ug As/L
Sauce Grande Lake: 171.25 ug As/L
Valle Hermoso: 156.75 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

92 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

3.6 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Salado River

Key result

Conc. / dose:

140.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.32 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Quenquen Salado River

Key result

Conc. / dose:

69 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

3.49 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Las Oscuras

Key result

Conc. / dose:

171.25 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.15 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Sauce Grande Lake

Key result

Conc. / dose:

156.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.94 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Valle Hermoso

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Oligosarcus jenynsii ranged between 1.2 and 3.6 L/kg wet weight at five sampling sites of the Pampa plain in Argentina.

Reference 56

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught using fishing gears, washed with deionised water

Water:
surface water manually collected at 0.5 m depth in PE-tereftalate bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Pimelodella laticeps

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Salado River: 17.43°C
Valle Hermoso: 19.25°C

pH:

Salado River: 8.16
Valle Hermoso: 9.15

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Salado River: 8790 uS/cm
Valle Hermoso: 3932 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish:
Salado River: 616.16 ug As/kg wet weight
Valle Hermoso: 771.84 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured concentration in water:
Salado River: 92.00 ug As/L
Valle Hermoso: 156.75 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

92 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.68 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Salado River

Key result

Conc. / dose:

156.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

4.92 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Valle Hermoso

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Pimelodella laticeps amounted to 2.7 and 4.9 L/kg wet weight at two sampling sites of the Pampa plain in Argentina.

Reference 57

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
caught using fishing gears, washed with deionised water

Water:
surface water manually collected at 0.5 m depth in PE-tereftalate bottles

Test organisms (species):

other: Rhamdia quelen

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

Quenquen Salado River: 18.32°C
Sauce Grande Lake: 17.05°C
Valle Hermoso: 19.25°C

pH:

Quenquen Salado River: 9.19
Sauce Grande Lake: 9.54
Valle Hermoso: 9.15

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

Quenquen Salado River: 6096 uS/cm
Sauce Grande Lake: 6025 uS/cm
Valle Hermoso: 3932 uS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured concentration in fish:
Quenquen Salado River: 141.52 ug As/kg wet weight
Sauce Grande Lake: 540.44 ug As/kg wet weight
Valle Hermoso: 316.62 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured concentration in water:
Quenquen Salado River: 140.75 ug As/L
Sauce Grande Lake: 171.25 ug As/L
Valle Hermoso: 156.75 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

140.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.09 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Quenquen Salado River

Key result

Conc. / dose:

171.25 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

3.16 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Sauce Grande Lake

Key result

Conc. / dose:

156.75 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.02 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Valle Hermoso

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen ranged between 2.0 and 3.2 L/kg wet weight at three sampling sites of the Pampa plain in Argentina.

Reference 58

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
Taihu: collected randomly at ports during fishing season, dissected and rinsed, stored in an incubater, covered with dry ice, freeze dried
Dianchi: fish purchased from a morning market near the shore, dissected and rinsed, stored in an incubater, covered with dry ice, freeze dried

Water:
water collected from upper (20 cm depth) and bottom layers (near sed-H2O interface)

Test organisms (species):

other: Aristichthys nobilis

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Taihu: 144 ug As/kg wet weight
Dianchi: 244 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Taihu: 3.04 ug As/L
Dianchi: 5.01 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.04 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

47.37 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Taihu

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.01 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

48.7 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Dianchi

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Aristichthys nobilis amounted to 47 and 49 L/kg wet weight in two lakes of China.

Reference 59

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
Taihu: collected randomly at ports during fishing season, dissected and rinsed, stored in an incubater, covered with dry ice, freeze dried
Dianchi: fish purchased from a morning market near the shore, dissected and rinsed, stored in an incubater, covered with dry ice, freeze dried

Water:
water collected from upper (20 cm depth) and bottom layers (near sed-H2O interface)

Test organisms (species):

Carassius auratus

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Taihu: 246 ug As/kg wet weight
Dianchi: 96 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Taihu: 3.04 ug As/L
Dianchi: 5.01 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.04 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

80.92 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Taihu

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.01 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

19.16 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Dianchi

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Carassius auratus amounted to 19 and 81 L/kg wet weight in two lakes of China.

Reference 60

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
Taihu: collected randomly at ports during fishing season, dissected and rinsed, stored in an incubater, covered with dry ice, freeze dried
Dianchi: fish purchased from a morning market near the shore, dissected and rinsed, stored in an incubater, covered with dry ice, freeze dried

Water:
water collected from upper (20 cm depth) and bottom layers (near sed-H2O interface)

Test organisms (species):

Cyprinus carpio

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Taihu: 376 ug As/kg wet weight
Dianchi: 296 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Taihu: 3.04 ug As/L
Dianchi: 5.01 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.04 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

123.68 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Taihu

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.01 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

59.08 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Dianchi

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio amounted to 59 and 124 L/kg wet weight in two lakes of China.

Reference 61

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
Taihu: collected randomly at ports during fishing season, dissected and rinsed, stored in an incubater, covered with dry ice, freeze dried
Dianchi: fish purchased from a morning market near the shore, dissected and rinsed, stored in an incubater, covered with dry ice, freeze dried

Water:
water collected from upper (20 cm depth) and bottom layers (near sed-H2O interface)

Test organisms (species):

other: Erythroculter ilishaeformis

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Taihu: 158 ug As/kg wet weight
Dianchi: 214 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Taihu: 3.04 ug As/L
Dianchi: 5.01 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.04 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

51.97 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Taihu

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.01 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

42.71 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Dianchi

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Erythroculter ilishaeformis amounted to 43 and 52 L/kg wet weight in two lakes of China.

Reference 62

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
Taihu: collected randomly at ports during fishing season, dissected and rinsed, stored in an incubater, covered with dry ice, freeze dried
Dianchi: fish purchased from a morning market near the shore, dissected and rinsed, stored in an incubater, covered with dry ice, freeze dried

Water:
water collected from upper (20 cm depth) and bottom layers (near sed-H2O interface)

Test organisms (species):

other: Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Taihu: 220 ug As/kg wet weight
Dianchi: 222 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Taihu: 3.04 ug As/L
Dianchi: 5.01 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.04 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

72.37 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Taihu

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.01 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

44.31 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Dianchi

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Hypophthalmichthys molitrix amounted to 44 and 72 L/kg wet weight in two lakes of China.

Reference 63

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
Taihu: collected randomly at ports during fishing season, dissected and rinsed, stored in an incubater, covered with dry ice, freeze dried
Dianchi: fish purchased from a morning market near the shore, dissected and rinsed, stored in an incubater, covered with dry ice, freeze dried

Water:
water collected from upper (20 cm depth) and bottom layers (near sed-H2O interface)

Test organisms (species):

other: Neosalanx taihuensis Chen

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
Taihu: 154 ug As/kg wet weight
Dianchi: 86 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
Taihu: 3.04 ug As/L
Dianchi: 5.01 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.04 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

50.66 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Taihu

Key result

Conc. / dose:

5.01 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

17.17 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Dianchi

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the freshwater fish Neosalanx taihuensis Chen amounted to 17 and 51 L/kg wet weight in two lakes of China.

Reference 64

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Argyrosomus argentatus

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 1116.55 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

815 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Argyrosomus argentatus amounted to 815 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 65

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Apogon kiensis Jordan et Snyder

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 1623.45 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1 185 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Apogon kiensis Jordan et Snyder amounted to 1185 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 66

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Brachirus

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 1015.17 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

741 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Brachirus amounted to 741 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 67

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Cynoglossus sinicus Wu

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 2005.68 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1 464 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Cynoglossus sinicus Wu amounted to 1464 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 68

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Eleotriodes Bleeker immaculatus

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 1420.69 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1 037 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Eleotriodes Bleeker immaculatus amounted to 1037 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 69

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Harpodon nehereus

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 2070.07 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1 511 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Harpodon nehereus amounted to 1511 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 70

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Johnius belengeri

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 608.28 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

444 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Johnius belengeri amounted to 444 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 71

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Lagocephalus lunaris

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 1893.34 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1 382 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Lagocephalus lunaris amounted to 1382 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 72

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Leiognathus rivulatus

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 1623.45 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1 185 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Leiognathus rivulatus amounted to 1185 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 73

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Nibea soldado

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 1319.31 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

963 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Nibea soldado amounted to 963 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 74

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Siganus oramin

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 1572.76 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1 148 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Siganus oramin amounted to 1148 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 75

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Setipinna taty

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 1187.79 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

867 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Setipinna taty amounted to 867 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 76

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
fish collected through trawl net from the bottom

Water:
seawater of 0.5 m below the surface was sampled

Test organisms (species):

other: Trypauchen vagina

Details on test organisms:

marine species

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish: 1522.07 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water: 1.37 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.37 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1 111 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Trypauchen vagina amounted to 1111 L/kg wet weight (sampling in the Guangdong Coastal region, South China).

Reference 77

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using a dredge to trawl for 30 min at a speed of 3 knots, stored at -20°C, thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscle tissue

Water:
collected using a hydrophore

Test organisms (species):

other: Acentrogobius chlorosigmatoides

Details on test organisms:

marine fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

S1: 30.5 g/L
S5: 31.7 g/L
S6: 29.6 g/L
S12: 32.3 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
S1: 690 ug As/kg wet weight
S5: 1984 ug As/kg wet weight
S6: 954 ug As/kg wet weight
S12: 3840 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
S1: 2.46 ug As/L
S5: 2.33 ug As/L
S6: 2.55 ug As/L
S12: 2.33 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.46 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

280.49 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.33 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

851.5 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S5

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.55 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

374.12 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S6

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.33 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1 648.07 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S12

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the saltwater fish Acentrogobius chlorosigmatoides ranged between 280 and 1648 L/kg wet weight at four sampling sites in Daya Bay, China.

Reference 78

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using a dredge to trawl for 30 min at a speed of 3 knots, stored at -20°C, thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscle tissue

Water:
collected using a hydrophore

Test organisms (species):

other: Cryptocentrus filifer

Details on test organisms:

marine fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

30.5 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
798 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
2.46 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.46 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

324.39 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S1

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Cryptocentrus filifer amounted to 324 L/kg wet weight at a sampling site in Daya Bay, China.

Reference 79

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using a dredge to trawl for 30 min at a speed of 3 knots, stored at -20°C, thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscle tissue

Water:
collected using a hydrophore

Test organisms (species):

other: Callionymus richardsonii

Details on test organisms:

marine fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

S5: 31.7 g/L
S6: 29.6 g/L
S7: 32.4 g/L
S8: 31.2 g/L
S9: 32.0 g/L
S10: 31.8 g/L
S11: 33.0 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
S5: 1700 ug As/kg wet weight
S6: 2220 ug As/kg wet weight
S7: 2260 ug As/kg wet weight
S8: 1216 ug As/kg wet weight
S9: 4080 ug As/kg wet weight
S10: 3960 ug As/kg wet weight
S11: 5720 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
S5: 2.33 ug As/L
S6: 2.55 ug As/L
S7: 3.18 ug As/L
S8: 2.64 ug As/L
S9: 2.32 ug As/L
S10: 1.78 ug As/L
S11: 2.42 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.33 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

729.61 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S5

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.55 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

870.59 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S6

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.18 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

710.69 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S7

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.64 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

460.61 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S8

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.32 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1 758.62 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S9

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.78 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2 224.72 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S10

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.42 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2 363.64 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S11

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the saltwater fish Callionymus richardsonii ranged between 461 and 2364 L/kg wet weight at seven sampling sites in Daya Bay, China.

Reference 80

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using a dredge to trawl for 30 min at a speed of 3 knots, stored at -20°C, thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscle tissue

Water:
collected using a hydrophore

Test organisms (species):

other: Chaeturichthys stigmatias

Details on test organisms:

marine fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

30.5 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
832 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
2.46 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.46 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

338.21 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S1

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Chaeturichthys stigmatias amounted to 338 L/kg wet weight at a sampling site in Daya Bay, China.

Reference 81

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using a dredge to trawl for 30 min at a speed of 3 knots, stored at -20°C, thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscle tissue

Water:
collected using a hydrophore

Test organisms (species):

other: Johnius belangerii

Details on test organisms:

marine fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

30.7 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
1046 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
3.51 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.51 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

298.01 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S4

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Johnius belangerii amounted to 298 L/kg wet weight at a sampling site in Daya Bay, China.

Reference 82

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using a dredge to trawl for 30 min at a speed of 3 knots, stored at -20°C, thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscle tissue

Water:
collected using a hydrophore

Test organisms (species):

other: Konosirus punctatus

Details on test organisms:

marine fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

S2: 30.3 g/L
S3: 25.6 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
S2: 272 ug As/kg wet weight
S3: 244 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
S2: 3.85 ug As/L
S3: 4.15 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.85 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

70.65 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

4.15 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

58.8 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S3

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the saltwater fish Konosirus punctatus amounted to 59 and 71 L/kg wet weight at two sampling sites in Daya Bay, China.

Reference 83

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using a dredge to trawl for 30 min at a speed of 3 knots, stored at -20°C, thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscle tissue

Water:
collected using a hydrophore

Test organisms (species):

other: Leiognathus fasciatus

Details on test organisms:

marine fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

31.7 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
848 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
4.48 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

4.48 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

189.29 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S1

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAF of As in the saltwater fish Leiognathus fasciatus amounted to 189 L/kg wet weight at a sampling site in Daya Bay, China.

Reference 84

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using a dredge to trawl for 30 min at a speed of 3 knots, stored at -20°C, thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscle tissue

Water:
collected using a hydrophore

Test organisms (species):

other: Paerargyrops edita

Details on test organisms:

marine fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

S1: 30.5 g/L
S2: 30.3 g/L
S3: 25.6 g/L
S4: 30.7 g/L
S6: 29.6 g/L
S7: 32.4 g/L
S9: 32.0 g/L
S10: 31.8 g/L
S11: 33.0 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
S1: 548 ug As/kg wet weight
S2: 676 ug As/kg wet weight
S3: 592 ug As/kg wet weight
S4: 618 ug As/kg wet weight
S6: 668 ug As/kg wet weight
S7: 616 ug As/kg wet weight
S9: 646 ug As/kg wet weight
S10: 658 ug As/kg wet weight
S11: 736 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
S1: 3.48 ug As/L
S2: 3.85 ug As/L
S3: 4.15 ug As/L
S4: 3.51 ug As/L
S6: 2.94 ug As/L
S7: 3.49 ug As/L
S9: 3.66 ug As/L
S10: 3.06 ug As/L
S11: 2.81 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.48 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

157.47 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S1

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.85 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

175.58 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

4.15 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

142.65 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S3

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.51 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

176.07 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S4

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.94 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

227.21 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S6

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.49 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

176.5 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S7

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.66 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

176.5 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S9

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.06 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

215.03 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S10

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.81 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

261.92 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S11

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the saltwater fish Paerargyrops edita ranged between 143 and 262 L/kg wet weight at nine sampling sites in Daya Bay, China.

Reference 85

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using a dredge to trawl for 30 min at a speed of 3 knots, stored at -20°C, thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscle tissue

Water:
collected using a hydrophore

Test organisms (species):

other: Pseudorhombus levisquamis

Details on test organisms:

marine fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

S7: 32.4 g/L
S8: 31.2 g/L
S10: 31.8 g/L
S12: 32.3 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
S7: 548 ug As/kg wet weight
S8: 728 ug As/kg wet weight
S10: 772 ug As/kg wet weight
S12: 1044 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
S7: 3.18 ug As/L
S8: 2.64 ug As/L
S10: 1.78 ug As/L
S12: 2.33 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.18 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

172.33 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S7

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.64 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

275.76 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S8

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.78 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

433.71 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S10

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.33 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

448.07 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S12

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the saltwater fish Pseudorhombus levisquamis ranged between 172 and 448 L/kg wet weight at four sampling sites in Daya Bay, China.

Reference 86

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using a dredge to trawl for 30 min at a speed of 3 knots, stored at -20°C, thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscle tissue

Water:
collected using a hydrophore

Test organisms (species):

other: Sebasticus marmoratus

Details on test organisms:

marine fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

S8: 31.2 g/L
S9: 32.0 g/L
S10: 31.8 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
S8: 1782 ug As/kg wet weight
S9: 766 ug As/kg wet weight
S10: 738 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
S8: 2.64 ug As/L
S9: 2.32 ug As/L
S10: 1.78 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.64 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

675 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S8

Key result

Conc. / dose:

2.32 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

330.17 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S9

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1.78 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

414.61 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S10

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the saltwater fish Sebasticus marmoratus ranged between 330 and 675 L/kg wet weight at three sampling sites in Daya Bay, China.

Reference 87

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected using a dredge to trawl for 30 min at a speed of 3 knots, stored at -20°C, thawed at room T, dissected to obtain muscle tissue

Water:
collected using a hydrophore

Test organisms (species):

other: Trachurus japonicus

Details on test organisms:

marine fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: marine

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

n.r.

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

n.r.

Salinity:

S2: 30.3 g/L
S3: 25.6 g/L
S10: 31.8 g/L

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
S2: 744 ug As/kg wet weight
S3: 982 ug As/kg wet weight
S10: 1046 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
S2: 3.85 ug As/L
S3: 4.15 ug As/L
S10: 3.06 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.85 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

193.25 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S2

Key result

Conc. / dose:

4.15 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

236.63 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S3

Key result

Conc. / dose:

3.06 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

341.83 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: S10

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the saltwater fish Trachurus japonicus ranged between 193 and 342 L/kg wet weight at three sampling sites in Daya Bay, China.

Reference 88

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected by fish net, dissected, frozen and stored at -80°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

Carassius carassius

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

7.05 - 8.12

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

2.48 - 13.6 mg/L

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
natural water: 34 ug As/kg wet weight
farm water: 12 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
natural water: 10 ug As/L
farm water: 10 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

3.4 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: natural water

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

1.2 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: farm water

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Carassius carassius amounted to 3.4 and 1.2 L/kg wet weight in natural and farm water from Central and Eastern North China.

Reference 89

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected by fish net, dissected, frozen and stored at -80°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

Cyprinus carpio

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

7.05 - 8.12

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

2.48 - 13.6 mg/L

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
natural water: 32 ug As/kg wet weight
farm water: 22 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
natural water: 10 ug As/L
farm water: 10 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

3.2 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: natural water

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.2 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: farm water

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio amounted to 3.2 and 2.2 L/kg wet weight in natural and farm water from Central and Eastern North China.

Reference 90

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected by fish net, dissected, frozen and stored at -80°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

Ctenopharyngodon idella

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

7.05 - 8.12

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

2.48 - 13.6 mg/L

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
natural water: 22 ug As/kg wet weight
farm water: 20 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
natural water: 10 ug As/L
farm water: 10 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2.2 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: natural water

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

2 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: farm water

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Ctenopharyngodon idella amounted to 2.2 and 2.0 L/kg wet weight in natural and farm water from Central and Eastern North China.

Reference 91

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Field monitoring. Computation of BAFs based on measured As concentrations in organisms and the aquatic environment.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Fish:
collected by fish net, dissected, frozen and stored at -80°C

Water:
no details

Test organisms (species):

other: Hypophthalmichthys nobilis

Details on test organisms:

freshwater fish

Route of exposure:

other: food and water

Test type:

field study

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Hardness:

n.r.

Test temperature:

n.r.

pH:

7.05 - 8.12

Dissolved oxygen:

n.r.

TOC:

2.48 - 13.6 mg/L

Salinity:

n.r.

Conductivity:

n.r.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Measured in fish:
natural water: 42 ug As/kg wet weight
farm water: 48 ug As/kg wet weight

Measured in water:
natural water: 10 ug As/L
farm water: 10 ug As/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

4.2 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: natural water

Key result

Conc. / dose:

10 µg/L

Type:

BAF

Value:

4.8 L/kg

Basis:

edible fraction

Remarks:

wet weight

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: farm water

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The BAFs of As in the freshwater fish Hypophthalmichthys nobilis amounted to 4.2 and 4.8 L/kg wet weight in natural and farm water from Central and Eastern North China.

Description of key information

Only field-based bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are selected for the assessment of the bioaccumulation of As in aquatic organisms. This ensures that biota As burdens are in equilibrium with As concentrations in their environment and that aquatic organisms were exposed to all relevant environmental sources (e.g., water, food, sediment). A total of 206 reliable field-based BAF values were identified for freshwater fish, while 55 BAF values were identified for marine fish. BAF values vary across organisms, environmental setting (marine, estuarine, freshwater) and across arsenic concentrations in fresh- and saltwater.

For each species, a species-mean BAF (sBAF) value was derived as the geometric mean of all data for the same species. Species mean BAF values for fish range from 0.4 to 1093 L/kg wet weight for 64 freshwater species and between17.5 to 1511 L/kg wet weight for 27 marine species. BAF values significantly decrease with increasing arsenic water concentrations and differ between the freshwater and marine environment. The median of freshwater and saltwater fish species-mean BAF values is 14 L/kg wet weight and 619 L/kg wet weight, respectively. These values are selected for the chemical safety assessment.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

BCF (aquatic species):

14 L/kg ww

Additional information

Summary

Arsenic bioaccumulation depends on various factors, such as environmental setting (marine, estuarine, freshwater), organism type (fish, invertebrate), trophic status within the aquatic food chain, exposure concentrations, and route of uptake. Only field-based bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are selected for the assessment of the bioaccumulation of As in aquatic organisms. This ensures that biota As burdens are in equilibrium with As concentrations in their environment and that aquatic organisms were exposed to all relevant environmental sources (e.g., water, food, sediment). An extensive study of the factors affecting bioaccumulation of arsenic in freshwater systems found no evidence of biomagnification since arsenic concentrations in organisms tend to decrease with increasing trophic level (Linton et al., 2003). The largest BAF values were observed for primary consumers (trophic level 2), with a median BAF of 615 L/kg fresh weight, mainly based on results for zooplankton. BAF values for trophic levels 3 and 4 (forage and predatory fish) did not differ significantly in that study, with median values of 30 and 45 L/kg fresh weight, respectively (Linton et al., 2003). Only data for saltwater species belonging to trophic level 2 were reported in that study, with a median BAF of 5900 L/kg fresh weight (data for 4 bivalve species). Results for bioaccumulation of As in 27 marine fish species showed smaller bioaccumulation factors with a median BAF of 619 L/kg fresh weight. Therefore, it was concluded that biomagnification of arsenic in aquatic food chain is not significant. An analysis based on 160 BAF values for 43 freshwater fish species and 55 BAF values for 27 marine fish species showed that BAF values are the highest within the range of ambient arsenic concentrations and decline significantly as arsenic concentrations in water increase:

Freshwater fish:

Log BAF (L/kg fresh weight) = 1.7 – 0.71 * log Cw (µg As/L); n=160, R2=0.52, P=<0.001

Marine fish:

Log BAF (L/kg fresh weight) = 2.90 – 0.95 * log Cw (µg As/L); n=56, R2=0.33, P=<0.001

Water:

Fish BAF values were extracted from a literature screening for field data on As bioaccumulation (see literature search report in IUCLID section 12), in which 18 relevant recent studies were selected, and a review of Linton et al. (2003). After merging the results, 261 BAF values were obtained for 91 different fish species. For each species, a species-mean BAF (sBAF) value was derived as the geometric mean of all data for the same species. These sBAF values ranged from 0.4 to 1093 L/kg wet weight with a median of 14 L/kg wet weight in freshwater (64 species), and from 17.5 to 1511 L/kg wet weight with a median of 619 L/kg wet weight in saltwater (27 species).

With respect to the feeding behaviour of birds and mammals, only trophic levels 3 and 4 (secondary and tertiary consumers) were considered for the bioaccumulation factor and secondary poisoning assessment. Results for freshwater sBAF values for 14 species from trophic levels 3 and 4 other than fish, documented in the review of Linton (2003) ranged from 3 to 1000 L/kg ww with a median of 15 L/kg wet weight. This range and median value do correspond well with the results for freshwater fish. No data were retrieved for marine species from trophic levels 3 and 4 other than fish. Considering the large database for bioaccumulation of As in freshwater and marine fish, it is therefore concluded that the BAF values for fish can be considered as representative for all relevant aquatic organisms, and thus for the assessment of secondary poisoning in the chemical safety assessment of arsenic in the aquatic environment.

Bioaccumulation factors for freshwater fish species (* reported in Linton et al., 2003)

Fish species (freshwater)	Reference	# BAF values (range)	sBAF (L/kg ww)
Alosa pseudoharengus	*Chen and Folt (2000)	1	95.4
Ameiurus nebulosus	*Mason et al. (2000)	1	1.0
Aristichthys nobilis	Jiang et al. (2018), Zhang et al. (2013)	4 (10.2 - 48.7)	24.5
Astyanax eigenmanniorum	Rosso et al. (2013)	2 (2.8 - 4.7)	3.6
Astyanax fasciatus	Garnero et al. (2018)	1	1.1
Australoheros facetus	Rosso et al. (2013)	1	1.7
Bryconamericus iheringii	Garnero et al. (2018), Rosso et al. (2013)	6 (1.1 - 112.8)	7.4
Carassius auratus	Cai et al. (2015), Jiang et al. (2018), Lu et al. (2017), Zhang et al. (2013)	8 (2.6 - 137.4)	12.3
Carassius carassius	Zhong et al. (2018)	2 (1.2 - 3.4)	2.0
Carassius gibelio	Zhang et al. (2013)	1	0.4
Catostomus commersonii	*Mason et al. (2000)	1	376.1
Cheirodon interruptus	Rosso et al. (2013)	3 (1.7 - 6.1)	3.8
Chelon sp.	Marriott et al. (2019)	5 (53.3 - 79.7)	64.1
Clarias gariepinus	Dsikowitzky et al. (2013), Ossai et al. (2014)	8 (0.4 - 36.1)	3.8
Cottoidea	*Wagemann (1978)	2 (11.8 - 70.6)	28.9
Cottus bairdii	*Mason et al. (2000)	1	800.0
Ctenopharyngodon idella	Jiang et al. (2018), Zhong et al. (2018)	3 (2.0 - 3.4)	2.5
Culter alburnus	Jiang et al. (2018)	1	33.5
Cyphocharax voga	Rosso et al. (2013)	2 (2.1 - 2.7)	2.4
Cyprinus carpio	*Baker and King (1994), Jiang et al. (2018), *Skinner (1985), Zhang et al. (2013), Zhong et al. (2018)	19 (2.2 - 123.7)	16.1
Erythroculter erythropterus	Hong et al. (2014)	1	422.2
Erythroculter ilishaeformis	Zhang et al. (2013)	2 (42.7 - 52.0)	47.1
Gobius	*Kaise et al. (1997)	1	13.2
Hoplias malabaricus	Garnero et al. (2018)	1	11.4
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	Jiang et al. (2018), Marriott et al. (2019), Zhang et al. (2013)	20 (4.0 - 72.4)	11.6
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis	Zhong et al. (2018)	2 (4.2 - 4.8)	4.5
Ictalurus punctatus	*Baker and King (1994)	4 (3.5 - 29.8)	8.1
Iksookimia hugowolfeldi	Hong et al. (2014)	1	288.9
Jenynsia multidentata	Rosso et al. (2013)	5 (1.5 - 7.3)	3.2
Labeo rohita	Marriott et al. (2019)	18 (2.5 - 46.5)	10.6
Labeobarbus intermedius	Dsikowitzky et al. (2013)	6 (2.2 - 158.1)	12.1
Lepomis macrochirus	*Chen and Folt (2000)	1	47.7
Megalobrama amblycephala	Jiang et al. (2018)	1	15.0
Micropterus salmoides	*Baker and King (1994)	1	44.5
Misgurnus mizolepis	Hong et al. (2014)	1	155.1
Moroco oxycephalus	Hong et al. (2014)	1	688.9
Mugil cephalus	Hong et al. (2014)	1	1093.3
Neosalanx taihuensis Chen	Zhang et al. (2013)	2 (17.2 - 50.7)	29.5
Nothobranchius	*Chen and Folt (2000)	1	85.8
Odontesthes bonariensis	Avigliano et al. (2015), Garnero et al. (2018), Griboff et al. (2018), Rosso et al. (2013)	11 (1.2 - 571.4)	10.7
Oligosarcus jenynsii	Garnero et al. (2018), Rosso et al. (2013)	7 (1.1 - 20.2)	4.2
Oncorhynchus masou	*Kaise et al. (1997)	1	5.8
Oreochromis niloticus	Dsikowitzky et al. (2013), Martins et al. (2011)	9 (3.1 - 247.6)	18.0
Perca flavescens	*Chen and Folt (2000)	1	58.6
Pimelodella laticeps	Rosso et al. (2013)	2 (2.7 - 4.9)	3.6
Plecoglossus altivelis	*Kaise et al. (1997)	1	2.0
Pomoxis nigromaculatus	*Chen and Folt (2000)	1	39.7
Puntius sarana	Marriott et al. (2019)	4 (2.0 - 88.1)	10.4
Pylodictis olivaris	*Baker and King (1994)	4 (3.5 - 11.9)	6.5
Redigobius bikolanus	*Kaise et al. (1997)	1	14.7
Rhamdia quelen	Garnero et al. (2018), Rosso et al. (2013)	4 (2.0 - 36.0)	11.4
Rhinichthys atratulus	*Mason et al. (2000)	1	510.0
Rhinogobius giurinus	Hong et al. (2014)	2 (207.3 - 400.0)	288.0
Rhynchocypris lagowskii	*Kaise et al. (1997)	1	10.6
Rhynchocypris oxycephalus	Hong et al. (2014)	1	190.2
Salvelinus fontinalis	*Mason et al. (2000)	4 (237.8 - 571.1)	336.0
Semotilus	*Mason et al. (2000)	1	280.0
Silurus asotus	Jiang et al. (2018)	1	4.3
Silurus glanis	Miloskovic et al. (2013)	1	0.4
Talapia	Marriott et al. (2019)	1	11.1
Tilapia mariae	Ossai et al. (2014)	2 (0.4 - 0.4)	0.4
Tribolodon hakonensis	*Kaise et al. (1997)	1	4.0
Tridentiger brevispinis	Hong et al. (2014)	1	390.2
Zacco temmincki	Hong et al. (2014)	1	536.6

Bioaccumulation factors for marine fish species (* reported in Linton et al., 2003)

Fish species (marine)	Reference	# BAF values	sBAF (L/kg ww)
Acentrogobius chlorosigmatoides	Zhang et al. (2018)	4 (280.5 - 1648.1)	619.5
Apogon kiensis Jordan et Snyder	Zhang et al. (2015)	1	1185.0
Argyrosomus argentatus	Zhang et al. (2015)	1	815.0
Brachirus	Zhang et al. (2015)	1	741.0
Callionymus richardsonii	Zhang et al. (2018)	7 (460.6 - 2363.6)	1097.9
Chaeturichthys stigmatias	Zhang et al. (2018)	1	338.2
Cryptocentrus filifer	Zhang et al. (2018)	1	324.4
Cynoglossus sinicus Wu	Zhang et al. (2015)	1	1464.0
Eleotriodes Bleeker.immaculatus Ni	Zhang et al. (2015)	1	1037.0
Fugu niphobles	Hong et al. (2014)	1	122.5
Harpodon nehereus	Zhang et al. (2015)	1	1511.0
Johnius belangerii	Zhang et al. (2015), Zhang et al. (2018)	2 (298.0 - 444.0)	363.8
Konosirus punctatus	Zhang et al. (2018)	2 (58.8 - 70.6)	64.5
Lagocephalus lunaris	Zhang et al. (2015)	1	1382.0
Leiognathus fasciatus	Zhang et al. (2018)	1	189.3
Leiognathus rivulatus	Zhang et al. (2015)	1	1185.0
Lutjanus malabaricus	Qiu et al. (2011)	2 (14.3 - 21.5)	17.5
Nibea soldado	Zhang et al. (2015)	1	963.0
Paerargyrops edita	Zhang et al. (2018)	9 (142.7 - 261.9)	186.8
Pseudorhombus levisquamis	Zhang et al. (2018)	4 (172.3 - 448.1)	310.0
Sebasticus marmoratus	Zhang et al. (2018)	3 (330.2 - 675.0)	452.1
Setipinna taty	Zhang et al. (2015)	1	867.0
Siganus oramin	Zhang et al. (2015)	1	1148.0
Trachinotus blochii	Qiu et al. (2011)	2 (24.3 - 35.4)	29.3
Trachurus japonicus	Zhang et al. (2018)	3 (193.2 - 341.8)	250.0
Tridentiger obscurus	Hong et al. (2014)	1	216.0
Trypauchen vagina	Zhang et al. (2015)	1	1111.0

Sediment:

55 field-measured bioaccumulation data points (BSAFs) were summarised (Anonymous, 1998). The median BSAF value on a dry weight basis for invertebrates was 0.143, indicating that invertebrates in most of the assessed studies did not accumulate arsenic to levels greater than those measured in the associated sediments. The overall median of freshwater BSAF values based on a log-normal distribution is 0.143 dry weight (n=55) and was considered for the chemical safety assessment.