Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 201-224-3 | CAS number: 79-77-6
Manufacture, use & exposure
Formulation
Documentsopen allclose all
Formulation
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation of Granular Detergents/Maintenance Products -Regular & Compact (large scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation of Granular Detergents/Maintenance Products-Regular & Compact (medium scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation of Granular Detergents/Maintenance Products-Regular & Compact (small scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation of liquid Detergents/Maintenance Products: Low Viscosity (large scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation of liquid Detergents/Maintenance Products: Low Viscosity (medium scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation of liquid Detergents/Maintenance Products: Low Viscosity (small scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation of liquid Detergents/Maintenance Products: High Viscosity (large scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation of liquid Detergents/Maintenance Products: High Viscosity (medium scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation of liquid Detergents/Maintenance Products: High Viscosity (small scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment condition.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging/discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Tabletting, compression, extrusion or pelletisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category formulated:
- PC 3: Air care products
- PC 8: Biocidal products (e.g. disinfectants, pest control)
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
Formulation
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Compounding of fragrance oils (large/medium sites)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- Compounding of fragrance oils (small sites)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Reception of goods, no exposure expected
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Compounding in dosed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Compounding automated dosing lines
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing of ingredients in smaller and larger containers using hand mixers or automated mix systems, Transfer and manual filling of mixing vessels
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Weighing and mixing of small volumes, preparation of solutions of solid ingredients, with or without heating, QC and creative work
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Discharging of vessels, pumping
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Washing equipment
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Filling final containers at non dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Filling final containers at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sampling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Laboratory work
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Weighing and mixing of small volumes, preparation of solutions of solid ingredients, with or without heating, only PPE available, QC and creative work
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Name of activity / technique:
- Weighing and mixing of small volumes, preparation of solutions of solid ingredients, for a short duration in time (<1 hour per day) and no significant other exposure, with or without heating, only PPE available, QC and creative work
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category formulated:
- PC 3: Air care products
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- PC 31: Polishes and wax blends
- PC 35: Washing and cleaning products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Product category formulated:
- PC 39: Cosmetics, personal care products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- Product category formulated:
- PC 28: Perfumes, fragrances
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Formulation
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Formulation of preparations
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing or blending in batch processes for formulation of preparations and articles (multistage and/or significant contact)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or preparation into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of preparations or articles by tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
Formulation
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA Formulation of Cosmetics: low viscosity liquids (Shampoo, hair conditioner, shower gel, foam bath) (large scale), body care soap (medium and large scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA Formulation of Cosmetics: low viscosity liquids (Shampoo, hair conditioner, shower gel, foam bath) (medium scale), body care soap (small scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA Formulation of Cosmetics: low viscosity liquids (Shampoo, hair conditioner, shower gel, foam bath) (small scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA Formulation of Cosmetics: Medium Viscosity Body Care Products (medium scale), Non-liquid Creams (skin care, body care, mascara, solar oil, make-up foundation) (large scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA Formulation of Cosmetics: Non-liquid Creams (skin care, body care, mascara, solar oil, make-up foundation) (small scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA Formulation of Cosmetics: Fine Fragrances - Cleaning with Water (medium scale), Medium Viscosity Body Care Products (small scale), Non-liquid Creams (skin care, body care, mascara, solar oil, make-up foundation) (medium scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA Formulation of Cosmetics: Fine Fragrances - Cleaning with Water (small scale)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA M1, Manufacture of cosmetics in closed systems
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA M2, Manufacturing of cosmetics, use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA M3, Manufacturing of cosmetics, use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA M4, Manufacturing of cosmetics, mixing or blending in batch processes (multistage and/or significant contact)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA M5, Manufacturing of cosmetics, transfer of chemicals from/to vessels/ large containers at non dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA M5b, Manufacturing of cosmetics, transfer of chemicals from/to vessels/ large containers at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA M6, Manufacturing of cosmetics, transfer of chemicals into small containers (dedicated filling line)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA M7, Manufacturing of cosmetics, production of preparations or articles by tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- COLIPA M8, Manufacturing of cosmetics, use of laboratory reagents in small scale laboratories
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Formulation
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
