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EC number: 215-535-7 | CAS number: 1330-20-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://poisoncentres.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to fish, other
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2015
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- The target lipid model (TLM) is a framework that relates toxicity to the physicochemical properties of a nonpolar organic constituent. It is a well documented and peer reviewed model that is widely used across the petrochemicals industry. This substance fits within the criteria of the model and there are no reservations about the validity of the model runs. It is expected that this data is reliable with restrictions.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The endpoint calculated is the LL50, EL50, and NOELR -
The narcosis TLM was developed to predict the toxicity of chemicals to aquatic organisms that act via narcosis. It is based on the hypothesis that target lipid is the site of toxic action within the organism, that octanol is the appropriate surrogate, and that target lipid has the same physical–chemical properties in all organisms.
The approach describes:
• The theory and how to predict the acute toxicity to these organisms;
• Development of an Acute to Chronic ratio [ACR] for only hydrocarbons and for 29 data points.
The logkow used for calculation:
m- xylene= 3.20 - Specific details on test material used for the study:
- N/A
- Details on sampling:
- N/A
- Details on test solutions:
- N/A
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- N/A
- Post exposure observation period:
- N/A
- Hardness:
- N/A
- Test temperature:
- N/A
- pH:
- N/A
- Dissolved oxygen:
- N/A
- Salinity:
- N/A
- Conductivity:
- N/A
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- N/A
- Details on test conditions:
- N/A
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 0.894 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- ChV (chronic value, QSAR)
- Details on results:
- N/A
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- N/A
- Conclusions:
- The estimated NOELR for Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to this substance is 0.894 mg/L. The target substance is a hydrocarbon acting via baseline toxicity, and falls within the parametric, structural and mechanistic domain of the model.
- Executive summary:
The long-term aquatic toxicity to this substance was estimated using the Target Lipid Model based on methodologies described by McGrath et al. (2004, 2015). The estimated NOELR for Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to this substance is 0.894 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to fish, other
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2015
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- The Target Lipid Model (TLM) is a framework that relates toxicity to the physicochemical properties of a nonpolar organic constituent. It is a well documented and peer reviewed model that is widely used across the petrochemicals industry. This substance fits within the criteria of the model and there are no reservations about the validity of the model runs. It is expected that this data is reliable with restrictions.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The endpoint calculated is the LL50, EL50, and NOELR -
The narcosis TLM was developed to predict the toxicity of chemicals to aquatic organisms that act via narcosis. It is based on the hypothesis that target lipid is the site of toxic action within the organism, that octanol is the appropriate surrogate, and that target lipid has the same physical–chemical properties in all organisms.
The approach describes:
• The theory and how to predict the acute toxicity to these organisms;
• Development of an Acute to Chronic ratio [ACR] for only hydrocarbons and for 29 data points.
The logkow used for calculation:
o-xylene= 3.12 - Specific details on test material used for the study:
- N/A
- Details on sampling:
- N/A
- Details on test solutions:
- N/A
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- N/A
- Post exposure observation period:
- N/A
- Hardness:
- N/A
- Test temperature:
- N/A
- pH:
- N/A
- Dissolved oxygen:
- N/A
- Salinity:
- N/A
- Conductivity:
- N/A
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- N/A
- Details on test conditions:
- N/A
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 1.063 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- ChV (chronic value, QSAR)
- Details on results:
- N/A
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- N/A
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- N/A
- Conclusions:
- The estimated NOELR for Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to this substance is 1.063 mg/L. The target substance is a hydrocarbon acting via baseline toxicity, and falls within the parametric, structural and mechanistic domain of the model.
- Executive summary:
The long-term aquatic toxicity to this substance was estimated using the Target Lipid Model based on methodologies described by McGrath et al. (2004, 2015). The estimated NOELR for Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to this substance is 1.063 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- fish early-life stage toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016 to 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 210 (Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Purity: 99.8%
Batch No.: SHBG3928V - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples of test media including the control group were taken from alternating test replicates on days -1, 0 and weekly thereafter until the end of exposure.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Methanol
- Details on test solutions:
- Nominal test item concentrations of 2.50 - 5.00 - 10.0 mg/L (factor: 2.0), corresponding to arithmetic mean measured test item concentrations of 0.714 – 1.29 – 2.79 mg/L. Due to the low solubility of the test item in water, methanol was used as solvent with a loading of 0.10 mL/L dilution water. The stock solutions were prepared in methanol.
- Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- All fish used in the test were reared at Noack Laboratorien GmbH from a single brood stock (supplier: Umweltbundesamt, Schichauweg 58, D-12307 Berlin, Germany).
A breeding stock of unexposed, mature zebrafish with an age of 7 months was used for the egg production. Fish were free of macroscopically discernable symptoms of infection and disease. Spawners were maintained in aquaria with a loading capacity of a minimum of 1 L water per fish.
Fertilized eggs with more than 2 cells were placed directly in the test vessels. 20 eggs were introduced per replicate (corresponding to 80 eggs per treatment group). Eggs were less than 24 h old at experiment start. - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 35 d
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- 30 days post hatch
- Hardness:
- Range: 49 – 72 mg CaCO3/L.
Arithmetic mean: 60 mg CaCO3/L in control and 63 mg CaCO3/L in the 2.79 mg/L treatment. - Test temperature:
- 25.6 – 26.7 °C
- pH:
- 7.52 – 8.15
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Dissolved oxygen saturation was between 71 and 100 % of the air saturation value
- Salinity:
- N/A
- Conductivity:
- N/A
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/L
Arithmetic mean measured concentrations: 0.714 – 1.29 – 2.79 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- A test was conducted under flow-through conditions. Spawners were maintained in aquaria with a loading capacity of a minimum of 1 L water per fish. Temperature: 25 ± 2°C, Dissolved oxygen concentration > 60 % of air saturation value, pH value: 6 – 8.5, Photoperiod: 16 h light / 8 h dark cycle (2 transition periods, 30 minutes each), Diffuse light (7 – 750 lux on water surface), Food: Artemia salina nauplii, 48 hours old, ad libitum ; Daphnia magna, juvenile and adult daphnids, ad libitum; dry food sera vipan SERA, ad libitum.
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass aquaria provided with mesh (inert nylon fabric) coated fittings allowing flow-through of test media (dimensions: 22/22/18 cm) covered by glass lids
- Size of vessel: 8.7 L
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: The volume of the test media was approximately 7.5 L
- Aeration: No additional aeration of the test vessels was provided. The dilution water supply tank was aerated.
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): The mean flow rate through the mixing chambers of all test item and control groups was 8.13 ± 0.269 L/h and the individual values ranged from 7.68 to 9.12 L/h. The mean flow rates through the test aquaria were 1.86 ± 0.083 L/h and the individual values ranged from 1.71 to 2.04 L/h.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 20
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: A loading rate not exceeding 0.5 g/L wet weight fish per 24 hours and not exceeding 5 g/L of solution at any time was maintained.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Filtered tap water
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): hatchability, time to hatch, fry growth (expressed as length and fresh weight), morphological and behavioral effects, post-hatch survival and overall survival (mortality).
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: An extended limit test with 3 concentrations was chosen based on the results of a preliminary test.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations:
1st test (flow-through conditions with limited headspace, methanol as solvent): 0.25, 1.00 and 2.00 mg/L
2nd test (flow-through conditions with limited headspace, methanol as solvent): 5.00 and 10.0 mg/L
3rd test (static conditions with slow agitation, various headspace conditions and with /without methanol as solvent): 5 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No effects were observed in a preliminary test up to 4 days post-hatch. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 35 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.714 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Post hatch survival and overall survival
- Duration:
- 35 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.29 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Post hatch survival and overall survival
- Details on results:
- Hatchability and hatching time: NOEC >= 2.79 mg/L, LOEC > 2.79 mg/L
Fry growth (expressed as length and weight): NOEC 1.29 mg/L, LOEC 2.79 mg/L
Post hatch survival and overall survival (mortality): NOEC 0.714 mg/L, LOEC 1.29 mg/L
Validity criteria
Dissolved oxygen saturation was between 71 and 100 % of the air saturation value (required: > 60 %).
Water temperature did not differ by more than ± 1.5°C between test vessels or between successive days at any time during the test and was in the recommended range for the test species (i.e. 26°C ± 1.5°C): 26.3 ± 0.3°C.
Hatching success was 96 % in the control group and 99 % in the solvent control group (required: ≥ 70 %).
Post-hatch success was 75 % in the control group and 75 % in the solvent control group (required: ≥ 75 %).
Control analysis: the measured concentrations of the test item in the test solution were in the range of 15 to 62 % of the nominal values. Measured concentrations of the stock solutions were in the range of 97 to 100 % of the nominal values. All effect values were based on the arithmetical mean measured concentrations of p-Xylene. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The post hatch survival data of study day 35 (PHD 30) were arcsine transformed prior to statistical analysis. The Williams multiple sequential t-test procedure (alpha = 0.05) was performed. Statistically significant differences were found for the arithmetical mean measured test item concentrations of 1.29 and 2.79 mg/L. The NOEC and the LOEC (arithmetical mean measured concentrations) for this endpoint were determined to be 0.714 and 1.29 mg/L, respectively.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The NOEC and LOEC of p-xylene to the early life stage of fish were determined to be 0.714 and 1.29 mg/L, respectively, based on post-hatch and overall survival.
- Executive summary:
The effects of p-xylene to the early-life stage of fish (Danio rerio / Zebrafish) were determined according to OECD Guideline 210. An extended limit test was conducted under flow-through conditions with the nominal test item concentrations of 2.50 - 5.00 - 10.0 mg/L, corresponding to arithmetic mean measured test item concentration of 0.714 – 1.29 – 2.79 mg/L. Based on mean measured concentrations, NOEC and LOEC values had been determined for the relevant biological parameters. Whereas hatchability was not negatively influenced and the NOEC for this parameter had been determined as >= 2.79 mg/L, fry growth parameters (length /weight) demonstrated a NOEC of 1.29 mg/L (LOEC = 2.79mg/L). Post-hatch and overall survival as determined on experimental day 35 (day 30 post hatch) were the most sensitive endpoints with a NOEC value of 0.714 mg/L, and corresponding of LOEC of 1.29 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to fish, other
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2015
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- The Target Lipid Model (TLM) is a framework that relates toxicity to the physicochemical properties of a nonpolar organic constituent. It is a well documented and peer reviewed model that is widely used across the petrochemicals industry. This substance fits within the criteria of the model and there are no reservations about the validity of the model runs. It is expected that this data is reliable with restrictions.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The endpoint calculated is the LL50, EL50, and NOELR -
The narcosis TLM was developed to predict the toxicity of chemicals to aquatic organisms that act via narcosis. It is based on the hypothesis that target lipid is the site of toxic action within the organism, that octanol is the appropriate surrogate, and that target lipid has the same physical–chemical properties in all organisms.
The approach describes:
• The theory and how to predict the acute toxicity to these organisms;
• Development of an Acute to Chronic ratio [ACR] for only hydrocarbons and for 29 data points.
The logkow used for calculation:
p-xylene= 3.09 - Specific details on test material used for the study:
- N/A
- Details on sampling:
- N/A
- Details on test solutions:
- N/A
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- N/A
- Post exposure observation period:
- N/A
- Hardness:
- N/A
- Test temperature:
- N/A
- pH:
- N/A
- Dissolved oxygen:
- N/A
- Salinity:
- N/A
- Conductivity:
- N/A
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- N/A
- Details on test conditions:
- N/A
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 1.134 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- ChV (chronic value, QSAR)
- Details on results:
- N/A
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- N/A
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- N/A
- Conclusions:
- The estimated NOELR for Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to this substance is 1.134 mg/L. The target substance is a hydrocarbon acting via baseline toxicity, and falls within the parametric, structural and mechanistic domain of the model.
- Executive summary:
The long-term aquatic toxicity to this substance was estimated using the Target Lipid Model based on methodologies described by McGrath et al. (2004, 2015). The estimated NOELR for Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to this substance is 1.134 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to fish, other
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2015
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- The Target Lipid Model (TLM) is a framework that relates toxicity to the physicochemical properties of a nonpolar organic constituent. It is a well documented and peer reviewed model that is widely used across the petrochemicals industry. This substance fits within the criteria of the model and there are no reservations about the validity of the model runs. It is expected that this data is reliable with restrictions.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The endpoint calculated is the LL50, EL50, and NOELR -
The narcosis TLM was developed to predict the toxicity of chemicals to aquatic organisms that act via narcosis. It is based on the hypothesis that target lipid is the site of toxic action within the organism, that octanol is the appropriate surrogate, and that target lipid has the same physical–chemical properties in all organisms.
The approach describes:
• The theory and how to predict the acute toxicity to these organisms;
• Development of an Acute to Chronic ratio [ACR] for only hydrocarbons and for 29 data points.
The logkow used for calculation:
xylene = 3.16 - Specific details on test material used for the study:
- N/A
- Details on sampling:
- N/A
- Details on test solutions:
- N/A
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- N/A
- Hardness:
- N/A
- Test temperature:
- N/A
- pH:
- N/A
- Dissolved oxygen:
- N/A
- Salinity:
- N/A
- Conductivity:
- N/A
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- N/A
- Details on test conditions:
- N/A
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 0.975 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- ChV (chronic value, QSAR)
- Details on results:
- N/A
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- N/A
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- N/A
- Conclusions:
- The estimated NOELR for Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to this substance is 0.975 mg/L. The target substance is a hydrocarbon acting via baseline toxicity, and falls within the parametric, structural and mechanistic domain of the model.
- Executive summary:
The long-term aquatic toxicity to this substance was estimated using the Target Lipid Model based on methodologies described by Mcgrath et al. (2004). The estimated NOELR for Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to this substance is 0.975 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
N/A
N/A
Table 1: Post-Hatch Survival on Study Day35 (PHD 30)of the Control, Solvent Control and the Arithmetic Mean Measured Test Item Concentrations of 0.714, 1.29 and 2.79 mg/L
Arithmetic mean measured |
Rep. |
Cumulative hatched larvae |
Vital larvae on |
Post-hatch survival |
Post-hatch mortality |
Control |
1 |
19 |
16 |
84 |
16 |
2 |
19 |
13 |
68 |
32 |
|
3 |
19 |
14 |
74 |
26 |
|
4 |
20 |
15 |
75 |
25 |
|
Mean |
19.3 |
14.5 |
75 |
25 |
|
Solvent control |
1 |
20 |
16 |
80 |
20 |
2 |
20 |
12 |
60 |
40 |
|
3 |
20 |
15 |
75 |
25 |
|
4 |
19 |
16 |
84 |
16 |
|
Mean |
19.8 |
14.8 |
75 |
25 |
|
0.714 |
1 |
20 |
13 |
65 |
35 |
2 |
20 |
13 |
65 |
35 |
|
3 |
18 |
13 |
72 |
28 |
|
4 |
20 |
10 |
50 |
50 |
|
Mean |
19.5 |
12.3 |
63 (-) |
36 |
|
1.29 |
1 |
19 |
5 |
26 |
74 |
2 |
20 |
8 |
40 |
60 |
|
3 |
20 |
9 |
45 |
55 |
|
4 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
|
Mean |
19.3 |
5.5 |
28 (+) |
72 |
|
2.79 |
1 |
20 |
8 |
40 |
60 |
2 |
19 |
6 |
32 |
68 |
|
3 |
17 |
4 |
24 |
76 |
|
4 |
19 |
2 |
11 |
89 |
|
Mean |
18.8 |
5.0 |
27 (+) |
73 |
(-) = No statistically significant difference from control groups
(+) = Statistically significant difference from control groups
Table 2: Cumulative Survival and Mortality on Study Day 35 (PHD 30) of the Control, Solvent Control and the Arithmetic Mean Measured Test Item Concentrations of 0.714, 1.29 and 2.79 mg/L
Arithmetic |
Rep. |
Vital larvae on |
Cumulative survival |
Mortality |
Control |
1 |
16 |
80 |
20 |
2 |
13 |
65 |
35 |
|
3 |
14 |
70 |
30 |
|
4 |
15 |
75 |
25 |
|
Mean |
14.5 |
73 |
27 |
|
Solvent |
1 |
16 |
80 |
20 |
2 |
12 |
60 |
40 |
|
3 |
15 |
75 |
25 |
|
4 |
16 |
80 |
20 |
|
Mean |
14.8 |
74 |
26 |
|
0.714 |
1 |
13 |
65 |
35 |
2 |
13 |
65 |
35 |
|
3 |
13 |
65 |
35 |
|
4 |
10 |
50 |
50 |
|
Mean |
12.3 |
61 (-) |
39 |
|
1.29 |
1 |
5 |
25 |
75 |
2 |
8 |
40 |
60 |
|
3 |
9 |
45 |
55 |
|
4 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
|
Mean |
5.5 |
28 (+) |
72 |
|
2.79 |
1 |
8 |
40 |
60 |
2 |
6 |
30 |
70 |
|
3 |
4 |
20 |
80 |
|
4 |
2 |
10 |
90 |
|
Mean |
5.0 |
25 (+) |
75 |
(-) = No statistically significant difference from control groups
(+) = Statistically significant difference from control groups
N/A
N/A
Description of key information
The effects of p-xylene to the early-life stage of fish (Danio rerio/ zebrafish) were determined according to OECD Guideline 210. An extended limit test was conducted under flow-through conditions with the nominal test item concentrations of 2.50 - 5.00 - 10.0 mg/L, corresponding to arithmetic mean measured test item concentrations of 0.714 – 1.29 – 2.79 mg/L. The NOEC and LOEC were determined to be 0.714 and 1.29 mg/L, respectively, based on post-hatch and overall survival.
The estimated NOELR values from TLM QSAR were 0.894 -1.134 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect concentration:
- 0.714 mg/L
Additional information
Noack (2017) measured the effects of p-xylene to the early-life stage of fish (Danio rerio/ zebrafish). The effects were determined according to OECD Guideline 210. An extended limit test was conducted under flow-through conditions with the nominal test item concentrations of 2.50 - 5.00 - 10.0 mg/L, corresponding to arithmetic mean measured test item concentration of 0.714 – 1.29 – 2.79 mg/L. The NOEC and LOEC were determined to be 0.714 and 1.29 mg/L respectively based on post-hatch and overall survival.
A TLM modeling framework was used to support values derived experimentally and are presented as supporting studies.
The estimated NOELR values from TLM QSAR were 0.894 - 1.134 mg/L.
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