(Z)-1,3-dichloropropene

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

29th November 1988 - 17th July 1989

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted in accordance with generally accepted scientific principles, possibly with incomplete reporting or methodological deficiencies, which do not affect the quality of the relevant results.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1989

Report date:

1989

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Deviations:

not specified

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OTS 797.1300 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

(Z)-1,3-dichloropropene

EC Number:

233-195-8

EC Name:

(Z)-1,3-dichloropropene

Cas Number:

10061-01-5

Molecular formula:

C3H4Cl2

IUPAC Name:

1,3-dichloroprop-1-ene

Details on test material:

The sample of cis-1,3-dichloropropene was obtained from Shell Nederland Raffinaderij B.V., Rotterdam, (batch number 1986; 88009).

Calculated mean purity of 96% m/m

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: all
- Sampling method: Media samples were taken from the D. magna test system at the start (0 hour) and at the end (48 hours) of the toxicity test. No D. maina were present in the samples taken for analysis.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: ambient temperature, approximately 20 ºC

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)

Quantities of a stock solution of cis-1,3-dichloropropene in reconstituted fresh water were added to quadruplicate sets of 150 ml conical flasks containing reconstituted fresh water to give, when completely full, an approximately logarithmic series of nominal concentrations ranging from 0.58 - 36 mg/l.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: freshwater water flea
- Strain: Daphnia magna (strauss)
- Source: a laboratory culture. The culture is derived from a strain obtained (via ICI Brixham Laboratory) from I.R.Ch.A., France
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): less that 24 hours
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): NDA
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD):NDA
- Valve height at study initiation, for shell deposition study (mean and range, SD): NDA
- Peripheral shell growth removed prior to test initiation: NDA
- Method of breeding: The D. magna are cultured in 1 litre pyrex glass beakers containing 0.8 litre reconstituted fresh water. Each vessel and its contents are referred to as a 'culture'. New cultures are started with animals less than 24 h old, at a density of about 12 per litre.
- Feeding during test: NDA

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Young for use in acute toxicity tests are collected from cultures aged between 15 and 28 days.
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Type and amount of food: Chlorella vulgaris to give a concentration of approximately 0.15 x 10^6 cells/ml
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): NDA

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

N/A

Test conditions

Hardness:

176 mg/l CaCO3

Test temperature:

18 - 22 ºC

pH:

7.6 - 8.4

Dissolved oxygen:

8.8 - 9.8 mg/l

Salinity:

NDA

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 0.58, 1.05, 1.9, 3.4, 6.1, 11, 20, 36 mg/L
Mean Measured: 0.32, 0.55, 1.1, 1.4, 2.9, 5.0, 9.4, 16.4 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 150 ml connical flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 150 ml
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): N/A
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): No
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 5
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 5
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): N/A
- Biomass loading rate: NDA

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
The water used for the culturing and testing of D. magna was a reconstituted fresh water prepared by dissolving the following amounts of Analar grade salts in glass-distilled deionised water:-

NaHCO3
CaSO4·2H2O
MgSO4
KCl
192 mg/l
120 mg/l
120 mg/l
8 mg/l

This recipe has been recommended as one suitable for producing a 'hard' water by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1975). Before use for culturing, a soil extract is added to the reconstituted fresh water at a rate of 20 ml/l. The soil extract is prepared by autoclaving 100 g soil per litre of distilled water for 15 minutes at 120°C. Solids are removed by filtration through Whatman GF/C paper.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Not mentioned
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light, 8 hours dark.
- Light intensity: NDA

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Mobility

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: N/A
- Range finding study: NDA

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95 % CL (1.3 - 1.7)

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

The highest mean measured concentration of cis-1,3,-dichloropropene causing no immobilization within the period of the test was 1.1 mg/l. The lowest concentration causing 100, immobilization within the period of the test was 2.9 mg/l.

The 6, 12 24 and 48 h EC50 values were calculated to be 11; 3.3; 2.6 and 1.4 mg/l respectively (95 % confidence/fiducial* limits 9.8 - 12, 3.0 - 3.6, 2.2 - 3.1* and 1.3 - 1.7 mg/l).

Since cis-l,3-dichloropropene was observed to be stable in a mixture of 1 + 3 v/v water + acetone for at least 10 days, it is unlikely to have decomposed to any significant extent in the aqueous test media during the tests. Losses from the test system by volatilization should have been small, since all tests were conducted in sealed test vessels with no head space. The most likely explanation for the low initial concentrations relative to the nominal values is therefore adsorption onto container surfaces during preparation and testing of media.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

N/A

Reported statistics and error estimates:

All calculations were based upon the mean measured concentration of cis-l,3-dichloropropene in the test solutions over the relevent exposure period.
The 6, 12 and 48 h EC50 values (those concentrations calculated to cause a 50 % immobilization after 6, 12 and 48 h exposure) were calculated using the moving average-angle method (US Environmental Protection Agency, 1985). The 24 h EC50 value was calculated using probit analysis (Finney, 1971). All calculations were performed after log transformation of the concentrations.

Any other information on results incl. tables

See the mortality data in the below attached table.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 48 hour EC50 to Daphnia manga of (Z)-1,3-dichloropropene was determined as 1.4 mg/L as a mean measured concentration. 48 hour NOEC = 1.1 mg/L.

Executive summary:

Juvenile Daphnia magna were exposed under static conditions to (Z)-1,3-dichloropropene for 48 hours at mean measured concentrations of 0.32, 0.55, 1.1, 1.4, 2.9, 5.0, 9.4, 16.4 mg/L, in accordance with EU method C.2. and conducted to GLP standard.

The 48 hour EC50 to Daphnia magna of (Z)-1,3-dichloropropene was determined as 1.4 mg/L as a mean measured concentration. 48 hour NOEC = 1.1 mg/L.