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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 201-579-4 | CAS number: 85-00-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 991
- Report date:
- 1991
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The absorption of the test material through human abdominal epidermis was measured from technical test material (17.13% w/v test substance ion) and a spray strength solution (0.45% w/v test substance ion), using glass diffusion cells in which the epidermal sheet forms a horizontal membrane sperating "donor" and "receptor" chambers.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Diquat dibromide
- EC Number:
- 201-579-4
- EC Name:
- Diquat dibromide
- Cas Number:
- 85-00-7
- Molecular formula:
- C12H12N2.2Br
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,1'-ethylene 2,2'-bipyridyldiylium dibromide
- Reference substance name:
- Water
- EC Number:
- 231-791-2
- EC Name:
- Water
- Cas Number:
- 7732-18-5
- Molecular formula:
- H2O
- IUPAC Name:
- water
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
Administration / exposure
- Doses:
- - Technical test material: 17.13% w/w test substance ion
- Spray strength solution: 0.45% w/v test substance ion - Details on study design:
- ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE
- Radiochemical assay: Liquid scintillation spectrometer
- Sample size: 25 µL added to scintillation fluid in vials followed by mixing
- Counting period: 10 minutes, or until 10^6 counts had been registered - Details on in vitro test system (if applicable):
- In vitro model using Human abdominal whole skin (dermis plus epidermis).
Results and discussion
- Absorption in different matrices:
- The mean rate of absorption of the test substance from the concentrate, through abdominal skin was 8.62 µg/cm2/hr (SEM ± 1.76; n = 12). From the spray strength solution the rate was 0.24 µg/cm2/hr (SEM ± 0.06; n = 12).
A lag phase of 10-15 hours, ie a period of increasing rate of absorption before the steady state, was detected after the concentrate contacted the skin in these experiments. When the spray strength solution contacted the skin, a lag phase of between 8-12 hours was apparent. A more precise definition of the lag phase from both formulations was not possible due to the small amounts of test substance being absorbed.
Percutaneous absorptionopen allclose all
- Key result
- Dose:
- Concentrate (17.13 % w/w test substance ion)
- Parameter:
- rate
- Absorption:
- 8.62 other: µg/cm2/hr (SEM ± 1.76; n=12)
- Key result
- Dose:
- Spray strenght solution (0.45 % w/v test substance ion)
- Parameter:
- rate
- Absorption:
- 0.24 other: µg/cm2/hr (SEM ± 0.06; n=12)
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The mean steady rate of absorption of the test substance from the concentrate, through abdominal skin was 8.62 µg/cm2/hr (SEM ± 1.76; n = 12). From the spray strength solution the rate was 0.24 µg/cm2/hr (SEM ± 0.06; n = 12).
- Executive summary:
The absorption of the test substance through human abdominal epidermis was measured from technical test substance material (17.13 % w/w test substance ion) and a spray strength solution (0.45 % w/ v test substance ion). Glass diffusion cells in which the epidermal sheet forms a horizontal membrane separating "donor” (outer) and "receptor" chambers were used for measuring skin absorption rates. 1.8 cm2 of epidermal surface was available for absorption and all experiments were done at 30 °C. Receptor solutions were stirred. The test substance material or the aqueous spray strength solution (1 mL), both containing [14C]test substance, was place in the donor chamber. At defined intervals (1 hour for the concentrate and 2 hours for the dilution) 25 µL samples were removed from the receptor chamber and put in scintillation fluid. The mean steady rate of absorption of the test substance from the concentrate, through abdominal skin was 8.62 µg/cm2/hr (SEM ± 1.76; n = 12). From the spray strength solution the rate was 0.24 µg/cm2/hr (SEM ± 0.06; n = 12).
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