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EC number: 201-579-4 | CAS number: 85-00-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Jan 1990 to Mar 1990
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 990
- Report date:
- 1990
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Diquat dibromide
- EC Number:
- 201-579-4
- EC Name:
- Diquat dibromide
- Cas Number:
- 85-00-7
- Molecular formula:
- C12H12N2.2Br
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,1'-ethylene 2,2'-bipyridyldiylium dibromide
- Reference substance name:
- Water
- EC Number:
- 231-791-2
- EC Name:
- Water
- Cas Number:
- 7732-18-5
- Molecular formula:
- H2O
- IUPAC Name:
- water
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Remarks:
- Alpk:APfSD
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: 7 - 10 weeks old males and 7 - 11 weeks old females
- Weight at study initiation: 243 - 356 g males and 180 - 240 g females
- Fasting period before study: overnight for a period of 16 to 24 hours
- Housing: housed in suspended cages (37 cm length x 32 cm width x 20 cm height). The floor and the back of each cage were made of 1.2 cm square stainless steel mesh. The sides were made of solid stainless steel and the front was made of polycarbonate. A maximum of five rats were housed in each cage and the sexes were kept separately
- Diet: Parton Combined Diet, ad libitum
- Water: water via an automatic system, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: minimum of six days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 15 - 24
- Humidity (%): 50 ± 10
- Air changes (per hr): 20 - 30
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Remarks:
- dionised
- Details on oral exposure:
- The test substance was administered at a dose volume of 10 mL/kg bw
- Doses:
- 100, 150, 200, 225 and 250 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 15 days
- Animals were observed for signs of systemic toxicity once within 2 hours of dosing and again between 4 and 7 hours after dosing. Subsequent observations were made once daily, or twice daily whenever there were significant signs of toxicity.
- The animals were weighed on the day before dosing (day-1), the day of dosing (day 1) and on susequent days thereafter.
- All animals were necropsied and examined microscopically. - Statistics:
- The acute oral LD50 was calculated from the mortality data (which included animals that were killed in extremis) by logistic regression using nominal dose values. Confidence limits were calculated using a likelihood ratio interval.
Results and discussion
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 214 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 180 - <= 271
- Remarks on result:
- other: Original value presented in study
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 222 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 203 - <= 241
- Remarks on result:
- other: Original value presented in study
- Key result
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 400 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 336 - <= 506
- Remarks on result:
- other: Recalculated value, expressed as pure substance, see ‘Any other information on results incl. tables’ for respective calculation
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 415 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- >= 379 - <= 450
- Remarks on result:
- other: Recalculated value, expressed as pure substance, see ‘Any other information on results incl. tables’ for respective calculation
- Mortality:
- Following a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg bw, no signs of toxicity were seen and none of the animals died. One male animal was found dead following a dose of 150 mg/kg bw and one male animal and one female animal were killed in extremis following a dose of 200 mg/kg bw. Of the animals dosed with 225 mg/kg bw two male animals and two female animals were either killed in extremis or found dead by day 8, surviving animals had recovered by day 12. All animals dosed with 250 mg/kg were either killed in extremis or found dead by day 5.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Following a dose of 100 mg/kg, there were no signs of toxicity. At 150 and 250 mg/kg, signs of toxicity were seen including decreased activity, hypothermia, piloerection, reduced splay reflex, distended abdomen, sides pinched in, ungroomed, upward curvatu
- Gross pathology:
- Two female animals dosed at 225 mg/kg bw had stomach and/or intestines filled with gas. One of these animals had pale kidneys and intrapelvic dilatation of the right kidney. The other animal had mottled kidneys. One male animal dosed at 250 mg/kg bw had stomach and intestines filled with gas.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Calculation of key result
The original effect levels were expressed as cation species of the registered substance. The key effect levels are re-calculated and corrected to include the counterion species by multiplying with 1.868 (344.0 g/mol molecular weight of registered substance divided by 184.2 g/mol molecular weight of cation species):
The acute oral LD50 for male rats: 1.868 x 214 = 400 mg registered substance /kg bw.
The acute oral LD50 for female rats: 1.868 x 222 = 415 mg registered substance /kg bw.
Table 1 Analysis of test substance
Nominal Concentration test substance (mg/mL) |
Mean Analysed Concentration test substance (mg/mL) |
10 |
10.2 |
15 |
15.0 |
20 |
20.3 |
22.5 |
23.0 |
25 |
25.2 |
Table 2 Cumulative mortality data
Day No |
Dose (mg/kg) and Cumulative Mortality |
||||
100 |
150 |
200 |
225 |
250 |
|
Male |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
3 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
4 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
0/5 |
2/5 |
4/5 |
5 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
0/5 |
2/5 |
5/5 |
6 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
2/5 |
5/5 |
15 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
2/5 |
5/5 |
Female |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
2/5 |
4 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
3/5 |
5 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
0/5 |
5/5 |
6 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
1/5 |
5/5 |
8 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
2/5 |
5/5 |
15 |
0/5 |
0/5 |
1/5 |
2/5 |
5/5 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The acute oral LD50 was 214 mg/kg bw test substance ion for male rats (95 % confidence limits, 180 - 271 mg/kg bw) and 222 mg/kg bw test substance ion for female rats (95 % confidence limits, 203-241 mg/kg bw).
This is equivalent to an acute oral LD50 of 400 mg/kg bw test substance salt for male rats (95 % confidence limits, 336 - 506 mg/kg bw) and 415 mg/kg bw test substance salt for female rats (95 % confidence limits, 379 - 450 mg/kg bw) of the registered substance. - Executive summary:
In this GLP compliant acute oral toxicity study, comparable to OECD guideline 401, groups of five male and five female Wistar rats each received a single oral dose of test substance technical (purity 21.1% w/w test substance ion) in deionised water at levels of 100, 150, 200, 225 or 250 mg test substance ion/kg bw and were observed up to 15 days. The animals were assessed daily for any signs of toxicity and their body weights were recorded at intervals.
Following a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg bw, no signs of toxicity were seen and none of the animals died. One male animal dosed at 150 mg/kg bw and one male and one female animal dosed at 200 mg/kg were either found dead or killed in extremis. Surviving animals at these two dose-levels showed signs of slight to moderate toxicity which persisted until day 7. Signs of extreme toxicity were seen in all animals dosed with 225 or 250 mg/kg bw. Two male and two female animals dosed with 225 mg/kg bw were either killed in extremis or found dead by day 8, although the surviving animals recovered by day 12. All animals dosed with 250 mg/kg bw were either found dead or killed in extremis by day 5.
The acute oral LD50 was 214 mg/kg bw test substance ion for male rats (95 % confidence limits, 180 - 271 mg/kg bw) and 222 mg/kg bw test substance ion for female rats (95 % confidence limits, 203-241 mg/kg bw). This is equivalent to an acute oral LD50 of 400 mg/kg bw test substance salt for male rats (95 % confidence limits, 336 - 506 mg/kg bw) and 415 mg/kg bw test substance salt for female rats (95 % confidence limits, 379 - 450 mg/kg bw) of the registered substance.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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