long chain alkyl thio carbamide metal complex

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 94.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

94.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

In a GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 203, no mortalities or other adverse effects were observed when a group of ten Oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed to EC# 434-650-5 at an estimated nominal concentration of 94.8 mg/L (limit test) for 96 h.

Executive summary:

In a GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 203, the acute toxicity of EC# 434-650-5 was assessed in Oncorhynchus mykiss(rainbow trout) under semi-static conditions (limit test). Since the test substance was poorly soluble in water, the test solutions were prepared in tetrahydrofuran and deposited on the inside surfaces of glass vessels; the solvent was removed by evaporation and the vessels filled with water, stirred at 40^oC for 48 h, then left at room temperature for a further 24 h. The water accommodated fractions (WAFs) were used in the study. The nominal concentration of the test material was estimated by analysing the molybdenum content of the WAFs as no suitable analytical method was available for aqueous solutions of EC# 434-650-5.

 

After two range-finding studies, a group of ten juvenile fish were exposed for 96 h to a nominal concentration of 94.8 mg/L in a glass aquarium containing 15 litres of water to a depth of 15 cm, with daily batchwise renewal of the medium to maintain stable exposure conditions. The temperature was controlled at 15 ± 2^oC and monitoring of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen took place daily. A non-treated group served as a control. Observations of the fish were made at 0.25, 2, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. No mortalities or treatment-related adverse effects were evident during the study. Hyperventilation occurred within 15 min of treatment but was not observed at 2 h; darkened pigmentation also occurred.

 

In conclusion, no mortalities or other adverse effects were observed when Oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed to EC#434-650-5 at an estimated nominal concentration of 94.8 mg/L for 96 h.

In view of the structural and chemical similarities, it is considered that the results of this study can be used for read-across to EC# 457-320-2.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

loading level before filtration; fish were exposed to the filtrate which contained only the water soluble fraction.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks:

behaviour and appearance also assessed.

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

670 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks:

behaviour and appearance also assessed.

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 670 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks:

behaviour and appearance assessed.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

In a GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 203, the water-soluble fraction of MRD-98-158 at a loading level of 1000 mg/L (equivalent to 670 mg active ingredient/L) produced no mortalities, and no changes in behaviour or appearance, in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed in a semi-static system for 96 h. The 96-h LL50 for this test material is therefore greater than 670 mg/L.

Executive summary:

In a GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 203, the acute toxicity of MRD-98-158 (67% EC# 457-320-2; 33% refined base oil) was assessed in Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) under semi-static conditions (limit test).

Briefly, a water accommodated fraction (WAF) was prepared by stirring 1000 mg of the test material into 1 L of laboratory dilution water for around 24 h, before passing through a 0.45 um filter to remove solid and/or microemulsion particles. Two groups of four fish were exposed for 96 h to the resulting filtrate - the water soluble fraction (WSF) - and their behaviour and appearance (including mortality) were assessed at around 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Two groups of four fish exposed to unadulterated water served as controls.

No mortalities or treatment-related adverse effects were evident during the study; the 96-h LL50 for this test material is greater than 1000 mg/l, and the 96-h LL50 for the active ingredient, EC# 457-320-2, is >670 mg/L.

In view of the structural and chemical similarities, it is considered that the results of this study can be used for read-across to EC# 457-320-2.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

13 July to 10 September 1999

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

if a limit test, should use 100 mg/L of test material. Due to correction for purity, approximately 95 mg/L active ingredient was used

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

if a limit test, should use 100 mg/L of test material. Due to correction for purity, approximately 95 mg/L active ingredient was used

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- Water solubility (under test conditions): poor (2.19 mg/L at 20 deg C)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: 94.8 mg/L (nominal concentration)
- Sampling method: mid-vessel 100 mL samples taken at 0 and 72 hr (fresh media) and 24 and 72 hr (expired media) and 0.2 mL nitric acid added
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: in a refrigerator

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

Identity and concentration of auxiliary solvent for dispersal: Tetrahydrofuran (removed by evaporation prior to dilution of test substance in water)

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: test material dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and used to coat inside surfaces of glass aspirators. Solvent then removed by evaporation under nitrogen and the vessels filled with water. The mixtures were warmed to 40oC and stirred for 48 hr then left to stand for a further 24 hr
- Eluate: the water accommodated fractions (WAFs) were removed and used in the study
- Differential loading: no data
- Controls: yes, without test material
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): tetrahydrofuran
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) including control(s)): none, removed by evaporation
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): no data

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: rainbow trout
- Strain: no data
- Source: River Gwash Trout Farm Ltd, Lincolnshire, England
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): At least 2 months
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): mean fork length 5.1 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): mean wet weight 1.5 g
- Method of breeding: no data
- Feeding during test: no (no feeding from 25 hours before exposure to end of study)
- Food type (during holding period only): commercial fish food (TROUW (UK) Ltd Nutra fry 02)
- Amount (during holding period only): an amount equivalent to 1% of the total wet weight of fish in the tank
- Frequency (during holding period only): daily

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 14 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Type and amount of food: commercial fish food (TROUW (UK) Ltd Nutra fry 02); an amount equivalent to 1% of the total wet weight of fish in the tank
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): mortalities < 0.5%; no medication given

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

194-198 mg/L as CaCO3 (at start of test period)

Test temperature:

14.0-15.7oC (continuous monitoring) - meets original test guideline of 13-17 degrees C.

pH:

7.9-8.3

Dissolved oxygen:

87-101% air saturation value

Salinity:

Not applicable (freshwater species)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

94.6 mg test material/L (nominal estimation); 1.42 mg test material/L (based on molybdenum content of the WAFs, but should be treated with caution as the molybdenum content of the water soluble part of the test substance is unknown).

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: aquarium
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass filled with 15 litres giving a depth of 15 cm
- Aeration: via narrow bore glass tubes
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): none
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily, batchwise
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): one
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): one
- Biomass loading rate: 0.99 g bw/l

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS (typical qualities; quantitative measurements not performed concurrently with test but in March 1998)
- Source/preparation of dilution water: laboratory tap water, dechlorinated and softened by passing through an Elga water purification system; passed through a high grade activated carbon filter to remove chlorine and organic contaminants; partially passed through a water softener before final reverse osmosis treatment to produce highly purified water. Two grades of dechlorinated water were then remixed to give a supply with desired water hardness. Equilibrated to test temperature and gently aerated before use.
- Total organic carbon: typically 1 mg/L
- Particulate matter: <2 mg/L
- Metals: concentrations listed separately; all <0.02 mg/L except calcium (76 mg/L), magnesium (4.1 mg/L), potassium (1.8 mg/L) and sodium (13.4 mg/L)
- Pesticides: < 0.02 ug/L each of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls: <0.03 ug/L of organophosphorus pesticides
- Chlorine: 0.06 mg/L (free); 0.08 mg/L (total)
- Alkalinity: no data
- Ca/mg ratio: 76:4.1
- Conductivity: 419 uS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: quantitative measurements not performed concurrently with test but in March 1998

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light: 8 hours dark (subdued lighting periods at beginning and end of each light phase)
- Light intensity: no data

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : death (measured by the absence of respiratory movement and the absence of a response to physical stimulation of the caudal peduncle). Also observations for incidence/type of any sub-lethal effects compared to controls.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: only one concentration used
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: to achieve the maximum loading of the test material

RANGE FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0.946, 9.46 and 94.6 mg/L (nominal estimation) in initial range finding study; 94.8 mg/L (nominal WAF prepared with heating) in second range finding study.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes, to achieve the maximum loading of the test material

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 94.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

94.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: no
- Observations on body length and weight: no data
- Other biological observations: hyperventilation occurred within 15 min of treatment but was not observed at 2 hr. The test material caused darkened pigmentation of the fish.
- Mortality of control: none
- Other adverse effects control: unspecified adverse symptoms at 24 hr but these were not sustained
- Abnormal responses: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Not applicable, no mortalities or adverse effects

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

In a GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 203, no mortalities or other adverse effects were observed when a group of ten Oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed to EC# 434-650-5 at an estimated nominal concentration of 94.8 mg/L (limit test) for 96 h.

Executive summary:

In a GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 203, the acute toxicity of EC# 434-650-5 was assessed in Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) under semi-static conditions (limit test). Since the test substance was poorly soluble in water, the test solutions were prepared in tetrahydrofuran and deposited on the inside surfaces of glass vessels; the solvent was removed by evaporation and the vessels filled with water, stirred at 40^oC for 48 h, then left at room temperature for a further 24 h. The water accommodated fractions (WAFs) were used in the study. The nominal concentration of the test material was estimated by analysing the molybdenum content of the WAFs as no suitable analytical method was available for aqueous solutions of EC# 434-650-5.

 

After two range-finding studies, a group of ten juvenile fish were exposed for 96 h to a nominal concentration of 94.8 mg/L in a glass aquarium containing 15 litres of water to a depth of 15 cm, with daily batchwise renewal of the medium to maintain stable exposure conditions. The temperature was controlled at 15 ± 2^oC and monitoring of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen took place daily. A non-treated group served as a control. Observations of the fish were made at 0.25, 2, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. No mortalities or treatment-related adverse effects were evident during the study. Hyperventilation occurred within 15 min of treatment but was not observed at 2 h; darkened pigmentation also occurred.

 

In conclusion, no mortalities or other adverse effects were observed when Oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed to EC#434-650-5 at an estimated nominal concentration of 94.8 mg/L for 96 h.

In view of the structural and chemical similarities, it is considered that the results of this study can be used for read-across to EC# 457-320-2.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

27 February 1998 - 23 April 1998

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Remarks:

Total Organic Carbon

Details on sampling:

No sampling to determine test substance concentration was performed during assay.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Addition of 12 g of test substance to 12 L BW3 (see "test medium/water parameters" for a description) in 13 L glass aspirator bottles; mixture stirred for ~24 hours on a magnetic stirplate with Teflon(R)-coated stirbar; vessel was closed with a Teflon(R)-covered neoprene stopper. The mixture was allowed to settle for ~ 1 hour. Removal of mixture through an outlet at the bottom of the vessel, and filtration through a 0.45 um filter (to achieve water-soluble fraction).

- Controls: Yes, BW3 only

- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): Non-soluble particles and microemulsion particles (identified as possible confouders to the test in two pre-runs) removed by filtration through the 0.45 um filter.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: rainbow trout
- Strain: no data
- Source: Thomas Fish Company, Anderson, CA; Lot 405
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): ~11 weeks, no further data
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): no data
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): no data
- Method of breeding: no data
- Feeding during test: No (from at least 24 hours before the start of the study)

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 12 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes, for at least 7 days
- Type and amount of food: Salmon starter (Zeigler Bros., Inc., Gardners, PA) and/or Tetramin (R) flake fish food (That Fish Place, Lancaster, PA); no data on amount
- Feeding frequency: no data
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No significant mortality (i.e. <1%) occurred during the holding period

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

+/- 1 hour

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

BW3 (controls): 214-220 mg/L (as CaCO3)

Test temperature:

Controls and test group: Mean 13.9 degrees centigrade (reported as continuously monitored by computer in the test area); A range of 14-14.9 degrees centigrade was reported in the Appendices, apparently from point measurements twice/day

pH:

Controls and test group: 6.5-8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

Controls and test group: 6.0-11.0 mg/L

Salinity:

No data

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Test material nominal concentrations of 0 and 1000 mg/L (loading level - 1000 mg/L was stirred for 24 hours to give the "water accommodated fraction", before being filtered to give the "water soluble fraction"), which based on test material containing 67% EC# 457-320-2 and 33% refined base oil. Therefore, the limit test concentration of EC# 457-320-2 was 670 mg/L.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 8.5 L glass tanks
- Type: closed
- Fill volume: 5 L
- Aeration: Yes, dilution water was pre-aerated
- Type of system: Semi-static system
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): ~80% of the solution was replaced every day by siphoning the chambers until only ~1L remained, then refilling with water-soluble fraction of test substance or control solution, as appropriate
- No. of organisms per vessel: 4
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: laboratory dilution water, Blend Water 3 (BW3): a mixture of carbon-filtered well water and water dialyzed by reverse osmosis. Water was aerated prior to test.
- Total organic carbon (dissolved): 0.2816-0.6160 mg/l (BW3); 0.7185-0.9616 mg/l (test substance chambers)
- Total organic carbon (in BW3): <1.0 ppm (i.e. <1 mg/l)
- Particulate matter: No data
- Metals: No data
- Pesticides: No data
- Chlorine: No data
- Alkalinity: 69 mg/l (as CaCO3)
- Ca/mg ratio: No data
- Conductivity: Specific conductance 380-450 umhos
- Dissolved oxygen: 9.3-11.0 mg/L
- pH: 7.3-7.4
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 2 measurements, one week apart

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light, 8 hours dark (gradual intensity conversion between)
- Light intensity during full daylight periods: 565-759 Lux

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Mortality, appearance, behaviour. Once/day.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: Limit test was indicated in range-finding study.

RANGE FINDING STUDY:
- Test concentrations: 0, 1, 100, 1000 mg/L test material (67% EC# 457-320-2) (10 fish/concentration)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 0% mortality up to 100 mg/L; 80% mortality at 1000 mg/L (but thought to be due to microemulsion formation)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

Loading level, before filtration; fish were exposed to the filtrate, which contained only the water-soluble fraction

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks:

Behaviour and appearance also evaluated

Remarks on result:

other: No effects on any parameters evaluated

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

670 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks:

Behaviour and appearance also evaluated

Remarks on result:

other: No effects on any parameter evaluated

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 670 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks:

Behaviour and appearance also evaluated

Remarks on result:

other: No effects on any parameter evaluated

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: None
- Observations on body length and weight: Study termination weight (mean 1.218 g) and length (mean 5.4 cm) of control fish were only measurements
- Other biological observations: None
- Mortality of control: 0
- Other adverse effects control: 0
- Abnormal responses: None
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: nominal value is nominal loading value.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No positive control

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

In a GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 203, the water-soluble fraction of MRD-98-158 at a loading level of 1000 mg/L (equivalent to 670 mg active ingredient/L) produced no mortalities, and no changes in behaviour or appearance, in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed in a semi-static system for 96 h. The 96-h LL50 for this test material is therefore greater than 670 mg/L.

Executive summary:

In a GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 203, the acute toxicity of MRD-98-158 (67% EC# 457-320-2; 33% refined base oil) was assessed in Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) under semi-static conditions (limit test).

Briefly, a water accommodated fraction (WAF) was prepared by stirring 1000 mg of the test material into 1 L of laboratory dilution water for around 24 h, before passing through a 0.45 um filter to remove solid and/or microemulsion particles. Two groups of four fish were exposed for 96 h to the resulting filtrate - the water soluble fraction (WSF) - and their behaviour and appearance (including mortality) were assessed at around 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Two groups of four fish exposed to unadulterated water served as controls.

No mortalities or treatment-related adverse effects were evident during the study; the 96-h LL50 for this test material is greater than 1000 mg/l, and the 96-h LL50 for the active ingredient, EC# 457-320-2, is >670 mg/L.

In view of the structural and chemical similarities, it is considered that the results of this study can be used for read-across to EC# 457-320-2.

Description of key information

There are 2 acute fish studies on EC# 434 -650 -5 demonstrating acute LL50 for freshwater fish >670 mg/L and > 94.8 mg/L (nominal loading rate).

No short-term toxicity to fish studies are available for EC# 457 -20 -2, but 2 studies are available for the structurally and chemically similar compound EC# 434 -650 -5. Both studies are 96 -hour limit tests in rainbow trout, conducted to GLP and in accordance with OECD 203 test guideline, and both used water accommodated fractions (WAFs) due to its poor water solubility. The first study, conducted in 1998 used test material which was 67% EC 434 -650 -5 and 33% refined base oil. The test material nominal loading rate of 1000 mg/L was therefore equivalent to a nominal loading rate of 670 mg/L. The second study, conducted in 2000, used EC 434 -650 -5 at, after correcting purity, nominal loading rate of 94.8 mg/L.

 

When these studies were performed and for the purposes of the ELINCS registration, the source substance was considered to be a mono-constituent. More recent evaluation of the composition of these substances suggests that it is more appropriate to consider these as UVCBs, therefore, the differences in purity for the study conducted in 2000 is likely to reflect the variation in the UVCB composition. This change in purity is not considered to affect the integrity of the results. In fact, the altered endpoints are considered to represent a worst case EC50 and NOELR.

 

No mortality or other treatment-related adverse effects were seen in either study. LL50 values were therefore > 670 mg/L and 94.8 mg/L, respectively. Due to the absence of effects in either study, it is reasonable to conclude an overall LL50 for freshwater fish > 670 mg/L (nominal loading rate) for EC# 434 -650 -5. Based on its similar structure and chemistry, it is reasonable to use these data for read-across to EC# 457 -320 -2.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

670 mg/L