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EC number: 204-428-0 | CAS number: 120-82-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://poisoncentres.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- other: EU Risk Assessment
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: EU Risk Assessment
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: no reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the EU RAR
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- EU Risk Assessment
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
EU Risk Assessment (2003):
EC50 values for short-term toxicity to sludge microorganisms differ in a wide range between 0,91 mg/l (Yoshioka et al., 1985, species: Tetrahymena pyriformis) and 500 mg/l (Yoshioka et al., 1986, species: activated sludge).
Using activated sludge from a municipal STP, the reduction in oxygen uptake for 12 hours was measured. The inhibition of oxygen uptake rate, IC50, was observed to be 35 mg/l during 12 hours. Using the polytox freeze dried culture, IC50(6 h) was 23 mg/l (Nirmalakhandan et al., 1994).
The toxicity to each of the 3 bacterial groups: aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, Nitrosomonas, and methanogenic bacteria, was studied by Blum and Speece (1991). The 50% inhibition concentration relative to controls (IC50) was 50-210 mg/l for Nitrosomonas and 120 mg/l for methanogens. IC50 for aerobic heterotrophs was 7,700 mg/l which is limited by the solubility. The value in a Microtox test was cited to be 2.3 mg/l (Blum and Speece, 1991).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms, other
- Type of information:
- other: BUA report
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: BUA report
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: no reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the BUA report
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BUA report
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
BUA report (1987):
A harmful effect on bacteria is seen at 0,2 (DABAWAS, 1983) - 500 mg/l (Yoshikoa et al., 1986) depending on the test method.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- => testing of biodegradation of 1,2,4-TCB by municipal sewage (activated sludge) in closed vessels
=> inhibition effects on microorganisms were measured by reductions in oxygen uptake (BOD)
Activated-Sludge Test Cultures:
The activated sludge test cultures were obtained daily from the Las Cruces Wastewater Treatment Plant, which receives mainly municipal sewage. The reactor (test vessels) received 10 ml of activated sludge each. The test reactors were topped with tap water to reach the final volume of 60 ml, and the control reactors were topped up to 62 ml. All the reactors were then capped with potassium hydroxide pellets in holders attached to the caps. The tests were conducted at the endogenous phase, without any additional growth substrate.
Respirometric Test Procedure:
The tests were run on a 12-reactor, computer-interfaced Comput-OX Respirometer (N-CON Corporation, N.Y.). Except of the control, each reactor was administered with different volumes of the toxicant. The toxicant dose was prepared by dissolving the toxicant in 2 ml of acetone and injecting into the liquid phase in each reactor. The capped reactors were placed in the respirometer water bath, maintained at 25°C with continued supply of oxygen. The data acquisition system was then initiated to monitor and record the oxygen uptake of each reactor; for the next 12 hours.
The inhibition effects were measured in IC50 terms. The percent inhibition at different concentrations of the toxicant was taken as reductions in oxygen uptake rates of spiked reactors compared to that of the control reactor. These percent inhibition values were then plotted against the respective concentrations, and from linear regression analysis of these plots in the range of 20¿80% inhibition, the concentration causing 50% inhibition, IC50 was determined. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- The tests were run on a 12-reactor, computer-interfaced Comput-OX Respirometer (N-CON Corporation, N.Y.). Details of this system have been presented elsewhere (Cadena et al., 1988). The data acquisition system was initiated to monitor and record the oxygen uptake of each reactor; for the next 12 hours.
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 12 h
- Test temperature:
- 25°C
[The capped reactors were placed in the respirometer water bath, maintained at 25°C with continued supply of oxygen.] - Details on test conditions:
- Test System:
- Type: closed
- Aeration: continued supply of oxygen
All the reactors were then capped with potassium hydroxide pellets in holders attached to the caps.
The reactor (test vessels) received 10 ml of activated sludge each. The test reactors were topped with tap water to reach the final volume of 60 ml,
and the control reactors were topped up to 62 ml. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 12 h
- Dose descriptor:
- IC50
- Effect conc.:
- 35 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
Sun, 1994
The inhibition effects at IC50 and 12h is 35mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
EU Risk Assessment (2003):
EC50 values for short-term toxicity to sludge microorganisms differ in a wide range between 0,91 mg/l (Yoshioka et al., 1985, species: Tetrahymena pyriformis) and 500 mg/l (Yoshioka et al., 1986, species: activated sludge).
Using activated sludge from a municipal STP, the reduction in oxygen uptake for 12 hours was measured. The inhibition of oxygen uptake rate, IC50, was observed to be 35 mg/l during 12 hours. Using the polytox freeze dried culture, IC50(6 h) was 23 mg/l (Nirmalakhandan et al., 1994).
The toxicity to each of the 3 bacterial groups: aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, Nitrosomonas, and methanogenic bacteria, was studied by Blum and Speece (1991). All assays were carried out in sealed serum bottles under similar conditions. The aerobic heterotrophs predominate in the activated sludge systems and natural aerobic environment, converting organic material to CO2 and water. Methanogenic bacteria convert organic matter to CO2 and methane in anaerobic environments. The heterotrophs, Nitrosomonas, and methanogenic bacteria inoculum were obtained from the mixed liquor of an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. The 50% inhibition concentration relative to controls (IC50) was 210 mg/l for Nitrosomonas and 120 mg/l for methanogens. IC50 for aerobic heterotrophs was 7,700 mg/l which is limited by the solubility. The value in a Microtox test was cited to be 2.3 mg/l (Blum and Speece, 1991).
BUA report (1987):
A harmful effect on bacteria is seen at 0,2 (DABAWAS, 1983) - 500 mg/l (Yoshikoa et al., 1986) depending on the test method.
Description of key information
For transported isolated intermediates according to REACh, Article 18, this endpoint is not a data requirement. However, data is available for this endpoint and is thus reported under the guidance of "all available data".
Generally, following EC50 values have been reported for the toxicity to microorganisms:
EC50: 0.91 - 500 mg/L
The values were obtained under different test conditions. It is not always stated whether and which guideline was used.
BUA report (1987):
A harmful effect on bacteria is seen at 0.2 (DABAWAS, 1983) - 500 mg/L (Yoshikoa et al., 1986) depending on the test method.
EU Risk Assessment (2003):
EC50 values for short-term toxicity to sludge microorganisms differ in a wide range between 0.91 mg/L (Yoshioka et al., 1985, species: Tetrahymena pyriformis) and 500 mg/L (Yoshioka et al., 1986, species: activated sludge).
Using activated sludge from a municipal STP, the reduction in oxygen uptake for 12 hours was measured. The inhibition of oxygen uptake rate, IC50, was observed to be 35 mg/L during 12 hours. Using the polytox freeze dried culture, IC50(6 h) was 23 mg/L (Nirmalakhandan et al., 1994).
The toxicity to each of the 3 bacterial groups: aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, Nitrosomonas, and methanogenic bacteria, was studied by Blum and Speece (1991). All assays were carried out in sealed serum bottles under similar conditions. The aerobic heterotrophs predominate in the activated sludge systems and natural aerobic environment, converting organic material to CO2 and water. Methanogenic bacteria convert organic matter to CO2 and methane in anaerobic environments. The heterotrophs, Nitrosomonas, and methanogenic bacteria inoculum were obtained from the mixed liquor of an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. The 50% inhibition concentration relative to controls (IC50) was 210 mg/L for Nitrosomonas and 120 mg/L for methanogens. IC50 for aerobic heterotrophs was 7.700 mg/L which is limited by the solubility. The value in a Microtox test was cited to be 2.3 mg/l (Blum and Speece, 1991).
Sun, 1994:
The inhibition effects at IC50 and 12h is 35mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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