Dodecanenitrile

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Biodegradation in water

The percentage degradation of test substance Dodecanenitrile was determined to be 100% after a period of 3 days.  Thus, based on percentage degradation, Dodecanenitrile is considered to be readily biodegradable in water.

Biodegradation in water and sediment

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound Dodecanenitrile (CAS No. 2437 -25 -4). If released in to the environment,17.1% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of Dodecanenitrile in water is estimated to be 15 days (360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in waterand the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of Dodecanenitrile in sediment is estimated to be 135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 2% (i.e, reported as 1.06%), indicates that Dodecanenitrile is not persistent in sediment.

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of Dodecanenitrile (CAS No. 2437 -25 -4) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment 78.9% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of Dodecanenitrile in soil is estimated to be 30 days (720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of Dodecanenitrile, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

Additional information

Biodegradation in water

Various experimental studies and predicted data for the target compound Dodecanenitrile (CAS No. 2437-25-4) and supporting studies for its read across substance were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:

 

In an experimental key study from peer reviewed journal (Jackie Aislabie et. al; 1988), biodegradation experiment was conducted for 45 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance Dodecanenitrile (CAS no. 2437-25-4) under aerobic conditions at a temperature of 28°C and pH of 7.5, respectively. A bacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens was used as a test inoculum isolated from the undecanenitrile broth platings and identified by using Rapid NFT Strips (API Systems S.A.) and also isolated directly from the original enrichment culture by plating onto 0.1 strength Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems) solidified with purified agar (Difco). It was identified as a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the Rapid NFT Strips.Pseudomonas fluorescens strain was grown in nitrogen-free medium with 0.1% glucose and 1% shale oil (identical conditions as the parent enrichment culture with the shale oil as the sole nitrogen but not the sole carbon source) or Bushnell-Haas medium with 0.3% shale oil (shale oil as the sole carbon but not the sole nitrogen source). Several soil sources contaminated with petroleum, including soils from oily-sludge land farming and drill cores, were used as sources of inocula for enrichment cultures.Ten grams of each soil was added to 100 ml of a nitrogen-free medium containing (in grams per liter): MgSO4, 0.2; CaCl2, 0.02; KH2PO4, 1; K2HPO4, 1; FeCl3, 0.05. The pH was adjusted to 7.5, and the medium was then autoclaved. After sterilization the medium was amended with a sterile glucose solution to give a final concentration of 0.1% (wt/vol) and shale oil to give a concentration of 1% (wt/vol).Theshale oil was thus the sole source of nitrogen but not the sole source of carbon for these enrichments.The enrichments were incubated at 28°C on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm. The enrichment cultures have been maintained by monthly transfers into fresh medium. Initial test substance concentration used for the study was1000 mg/l.After 7 days of incubation with the aliphatic nitriles as substrates, hexamethylbenzene (HMB) was added as an internal standard, and the nitriles were recovered from the broth by extraction with methylene chloride.The ability of bacterium to utilize these individual nitriles as sole nitrogen and carbon sources was determined by gas-liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector and the chromatographic conditions.The percentage degradation of test substance Dodecanenitrile was determined to be 100% after a period of 3 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, Dodecanenitrile is considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

Another biodegradation study was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance Dodecanenitrile (CAS no. 2437-25-4) (from secondary source U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012 and HPVIS, 2017). The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I)) under aerobic conditions. Activated sludge, domestic was used as a test inoculum for the study. The percentage degradation of test substance Dodecanenitrile was determined to be15% by ThOD parameter in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, Dodecanenitrile is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

In a prediction using the Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017), the biodegradation potential of the test compound Dodecanenitrile (CAS no. 2437 -25 -4) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms was estimated. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical Dodecanenitrile is expected to be readily biodegradable.  

 

For theread across substance Nonanenitrile (CAS no. 2243-27-8) from authoritative database (J-CHECK, 2017 and EnviChem, 2014), biodegradation study was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance Nonanenitrile (CAS no. 2243-27-8). The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I)). Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l, respectively. The percentage degradation of read across substance Nonanenitrile was determined to be 69, 83 and 100% by BOD, TOC removal and GC parameter in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, Nonanenitrile is considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

In a supporting study from peer reviewed journal (Jackie Aislabie et. al; 1988) for read across substanceUndecanenitrile (CAS no. 2244-07-7), biodegradation experiment was conducted for 45 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance Undecanenitrile under aerobic conditions at a temperature of 28°C and pH of 7.5, respectively. A bacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens was used as a test inoculum isolated from the undecanenitrile broth platings and identified by using Rapid NFT Strips (API Systems S.A.) and also isolated directly from the original enrichment culture by plating onto 0.1 strength Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems) solidified with purified agar (Difco). It was identified as a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the Rapid NFT Strips.Pseudomonas fluorescens strain was grown in nitrogen-free medium with 0.1% glucose and 1% shale oil (identical conditions as the parent enrichment culture with the shale oil as the sole nitrogen but not the sole carbon source) or Bushnell-Haas medium with 0.3% shale oil (shale oil as the sole carbon but not the sole nitrogen source). Several soil sources contaminated with petroleum, including soils from oily-sludge land farming and drill cores, were used as sources of inocula for enrichment cultures.Ten grams of each soil was added to 100 ml of a nitrogen-free medium containing (in grams per liter): MgSO4, 0.2; CaCl2, 0.02; KH2PO4, 1; K2HPO4, 1; FeCl3, 0.05. The pH was adjusted to 7.5, and the medium was then autoclaved. After sterilization the medium was amended with a sterile glucose solution to give a final concentration of 0.1% (wt/vol) and shale oil to give a concentration of 1% (wt/vol).The shale oil was thus the sole source of nitrogen but not the sole source of carbon for these enrichments.The enrichments were incubated at 28°C on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm. The enrichment cultures have been maintained by monthly transfers into fresh medium. Initial test substance concentration used for the study was 1000 mg/l.After 7 days of incubation with the aliphatic nitriles as substrates, hexamethylbenzene (HMB) was added as an internal standard, and the nitriles were recovered from the broth by extraction with methylene chloride.The ability of bacterium to utilize these individual nitriles as sole nitrogen and carbon sources was determined by gas-liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector and the chromatographic conditions. The percentage degradation of read across substance Undecanenitrile was determined to be100% after a period of 3 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, Undecanenitrile is considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

On the basis of overall results for target chemical Dodecanenitrile (from peer reviewed journal, secondary source and EPI suite, 2017) and for its read across substance (from authoritative database J-CHECK, EnviChem and peer reviewed journal), it can be concluded that the test substance Dodecanenitrile can be expected to be readily biodegradable in nature.

Biodegradation in water and sediment

Various predicted data for the target compound Dodecanenitrile (CAS No. 2437-25-4) were reviewed for the biodegradation in water and sediment end point which are summarized as below:

 

In aprediction done using the Mackay fugacity model level III of Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2017)was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound Dodecanenitrile (CAS No. 2437 -25 -4). If released in to the environment,17.1% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of Dodecanenitrile in water is estimated to be 15 days (360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of Dodecanenitrile in sediment is estimated to be 135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 2% (i.e, reported as 1.06%), indicates that Dodecanenitrile is not persistent in sediment.

 

In a supporting study from secondary source (Robust Summary & Test Plans: Fatty Nitrogen Derived Nitriles Category, 2003 and High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program, 2017),half-life of the chemical Dodecanenitrile (CAS No: 2437-25-4) in water and sediment was estimated by using Mackay EQC Fugacity Level III.The following values has been used in the Mackay EQC Fugacity Level III for the estimating the half-life value. They are vapour pressure: 0.00628 mm Hg, log Kow: 4.9 and Henry’s law constant: 0.000848 atm-m3/mole, respectively. If released into the environment, 66.8% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay EQC Fugacity Level III and the half-life period of Dodecanenitrile in water is estimated to be 15 days (360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by Mackay EQC Fugacity Level III) indicates that the chemical Dodecanenitrile is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of Dodecanenitrile in sediment is estimated to be 60 days (1440 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical Dodecanenitrile, it is concluded that the chemical Dodecanenitrile is not persistent in the sediment environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

 

On the basis of above results for target chemical Dodecanenitrile (from EPI suite, 2017 and secondary source), it can be concluded that the test substance Dodecanenitrile is not persistent in the water and sediment environment and therefore the exposure risk to aquatic and soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

 

Biodegradation in soil

Various predicted data for the target compound Dodecanenitrile (CAS No. 2437-25-4) were reviewed for the biodegradation in soil end point which are summarized as below:

 

The half-life period of Dodecanenitrile (CAS No. 2437 -25 -4) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2017). If released into the environment 78.9% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of Dodecanenitrile in soil is estimated to be 30 days (720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of Dodecanenitrile, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

 

In a supporting study from secondary source (Robust Summary & Test Plans: Fatty Nitrogen Derived Nitriles Category, 2003 and High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program, 2017), half-life of the chemical Dodecanenitrile (CAS No: 2437-25-4) in soil was estimated by using Mackay Equilibrium concentration (EQC) Fugacity Level III (v 1.01) model. The following values has been used in the Mackay EQC Fugacity Level III for the estimating the half-life value. They are vapour pressure: 0.00628 mm Hg, log Kow: 4.9 and Henry’s law constant: 0.000848 atm-m3/mole, respectively. If released into the environment, 0.038% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay EQC Fugacity Level III. The half-life period of Dodecanenitrile in soil is estimated to be 15 days (360 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical Dodecanenitrile, it is concluded that the chemical Dodecanenitrile is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

 

On the basis of above results for target chemical Dodecanenitrile (from EPI suite, 2017 and secondary source), it can be concluded that the test substance Dodecanenitrile is not persistent in the soil environment and therefore the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

On the basis of available information, the test substance Dodecanenitrile can be considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.