Dodecanenitrile

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short term toxicity to fish:

Determination of acute short term toxicity Test of Dodecanenitrile on the growth of fish Oryzias latipes. Test was performed according to the standard OECD guideline 203. Various concentrations was prepared for the test is 0, 1.3, 0.65, 0.35, 0.19, 0.096 mg/L. The test substance was added to the preparation vessel filled with test water to give 100mg/L (nominal). The vessel was sealed and stirred gently for 48 hours, and then left standing for about 1 hour. After that, some amount of the solution in middle layer was extracted for stock solution to prepare test solutions by dilution of it. After the 96hrs of exposure with chemical mortality was observed. Based on the mortality of fish Oryzias latipes due to the exposure of Dodecanenitrile, the LC50 was 0.84 mg/l. Thus chemical Dodecanenitrile was consider as toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic acute 1 category as per CLP classification criteria.

Long term toxicity to fish:

The long-term toxicity of the test substance Dodecanenitrile (2437 -25 -4) to fishe is predicted using EPI Suite ECOSAR version 1.11. On the basis of effects observed in a static freshwater system during a 28 days exposure, the NOEC (No observed effect concentration) for the substance is estimated to be 0.065 mg/L for fish. Based on this value, it can be concluded that the test chemical Dodecanenitrile can be considered as toxic to freshwater fishes at environmentally relevant concentrations and can be considered to be classified in aquatic chronic 2 category as per the CLP classification criteria.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Determination of short term toxicity and Acute Immobilization Test of Dodecanenitrile to Daphnia magna. Test was performed according to the OECD guidelines in the semi-static system for 48hrs. For the study dechlorinated water were used. Various concentrations was prepared 0.73, 0.36, 0.16, 0.078, 0.035 mg/L as measured concentration, one control was also used. The test solution prepared by adding test substance and test water were mixed to give 100 mg/L (nominal), and stirred for about 48 hours. Some amount of solution in middle layer was extracted for stock solution to prepare test solutions by mixing and stirring with test water. Based on the immobilization of daphnia magna due to the exposure with chemical Dodecanenitrile, the EC50 was 0.059 mg/l for 48hrs. thus chemical Dodecanenitrile was consider as toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic acute 1 category as per CLP classification criteria.

Long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Based on the prediction done by EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, on the basis of similarity of structure to chemicals for which the aquatic toxicity has been previously measured by structure-activity relationships (SARs) program, the NOEC value for long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was predicted. On the basis of this program, the NOEC value for long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was predicted to be 0.071 mg/l for Dodecanenitrile in 21 days. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance Dodecanenitrile is considered to be  toxic to aquatic environment and can be consider to be classified in aquatic chronic 2 category as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

Determination of short term toxicity and Growth Inhibition of Alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) due to the exposure of dodecanenitrile. Study was performed according to the OECD guideline in the static system. Content rate of test stock solution was 50, 16, 5.0, 1.6, 0.50 % (geometric ratio; square root of 10) [0.48, 0.15, 0.054, 0.016, 0.0051 mg/L as measured concentration], with one control. Test solution was prepared in flasks. Required amount of test substance was added into the Erlenmeyer flask filled with medium under the water surface to give 100 mg/L (nominal). After stirring for about 48 hours, some amount of the solution was extracted for stock solution to prepare test solutions by mixing and stirring with medium. Based on the reduction and inhibition of growth rate of green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), due to the exposure with Dodecanenitrile, the EC50 was 0.15 mg/l and the NOEC was 0.054 mg/l. Based on the EC50 value it was concluded that the chemical was toxic and can be consider to be classified in aquatic acute 1 as per the CLP classification criteria.

Toxicity to microorganisms:

Toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted onTetrahymena pyriformisstrain GL for 40 hrs. The assay was conducted in a buffered medium under static conditions. Stock solutions of test chemical was prepared either in solvent DMSO or in distilled water.The solvent DMSO has low toxicity toTetrahymena,low volatility, and high ability to dissolve organic chemicals. Concentration not greater than 0.75% DMSO (350 µL per 50 mL of medium) are used. This conc. was shown to have no effect onTetrahymenapopulation growth. Standard stocks are prepared on a milligram per liter basis. When using distilled water for prepare stock solutions, extra care must be taken to maintain sterility. Tests were conducted in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 mL of sterile, semidefined proteose – peptone – based medium and five different conc. of test substance. Then the flasks were inoculated with log-growth-phase culture ofTetrahymena pyriformisof initial cell density of approx. 2500 cells/ml and incubated for about 40 hrs at27 ± 1ᵒC with pH 7.4. After incubation, growth inhibition was measured spectrophotometrically or by electronic particle counting and 50% effect levels are determined at 72 hrs. The nutritional requirement of test organism was met by a solution of proteaose-peptone, yeast extract, glucose, and Fe-EDTA. For test bacterial strain, the optimum temperature for growth was in between 27ᵒC and 35ᵒC and pH range is 5.0 – 8.6, with the optimum pH being 7.5, respectively. Control test vessel contains the test medium inoculated with the test organism with no addition of test chemical and blank was also prepared for the study. The 50% inhibitory growth concentration in mg/l (IGC50) and the 95% fiducial interval are determined for each test compound. The IGC50 was calculated with the probit procedure. Thus, based on growth inhibition of test organism, the IGC50 value was 0.0125 mg/l. (For Log IGC50-1 value was 1.90 mg/l).

Additional information

Summarized result of toxicity of Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) on the growth and other activity of aquatic fishes, invertebrates, algae and cyanobacteria and microorganisms by considering the data for target as well as RA chemical which was selected on the basis of structure similarity are as follows:

Short term toxicity to fish:

Based on the various experimental data and prediction data for the target chemical study have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) on the growth of fishes. The studies are as mentioned below:

In the first experimental key study for Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) from j-check, 2017 Determination of acute short term toxicity Test of Dodecanenitrile on the growth of fish Oryzias latipes. Test was performed according to the standard OECD guideline 203. Various concentrations was prepared for the test is 0, 1.3, 0.65, 0.35, 0.19, 0.096 mg/L. The test substance was added to the preparation vessel filled with test water to give 100mg/L (nominal). The vessel was sealed and stirred gently for 48 hours, and then left standing for about 1 hour. After that, some amount of the solution in middle layer was extracted for stock solution to prepare test solutions by dilution of it. After the 96hrs of exposure with chemical mortality was observed. Based on the mortality of fish Oryzias latipes due to the exposure of Dodecanenitrile, the LC50 was 0.84 mg/l. Thus chemical Dodecanenitrile was consider as toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic acute 1 category as per CLP classification criteria.

 

In the another experimental supporting study for Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4), Toxicology Methods, 1997, The “gold standard” of fish toxicity testing is the 96 h flow-through fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 50% mortality database established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the current study toxic potencies of chemicals measured in both tetratox and the 96-h Pimephales promelas lethality assay are compared. The Lethal concentration causing 50% mortality (LC50) of fathead minnow when exposed to Dodecanenitrile for 96 hours under the test conditions is 2.344 mg/l. It is reported to be bioactive.

Similarly in the third supporting study for the Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4), ACD lab 2017, According to aquatic toxicity module i.e ACD/LabsI-Lab 2.0;Algorithm Version: v5.0.0.184 the lethal concentration (LC50) of the test substance Dodecanenitrile was predicted to be 0.28 mg/l on fish species Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Based on the LC50 calculation the estimated Reliability Index (RI) of test chemical Dodecanenitrile predicted to be 0.28 mg/. As per model substance have moderate and high reliability ifRI > 0.5).Thus reported RII value indicate it has high reliability. And LC50 value indicate that the test substance Dodecanenitrile considered as toxic, harmful to aquatic organisms and thus can be classified as aquatic acute 1 and hazardous as per the CLP criteria.

In the fourth supporting predicted study for the Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4), from EPIsuite, Based on the prediction done by EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, on the basis of similarity of structure to chemicals for which the aquatic toxicity has been previously measured by structure-activity relationships (SARs) program, the LC 50 value for short term toxicity to aquatic fish was predicted. On the basis of this program, the LC 50 value for short term toxicity to aquatic fish was predicted to be 0.489 mg/l for Dodecanenitrile in 96 hrs. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance Dodecanenitrile is considered to be toxic to aquatic environment and can be classified in aquatic acute 1 category as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.

Similarly in the fifth supporting study for the Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4), ecotox 2017, toxicity was measured. Determination of acute short term toxicity Test of Dodecanenitrile on the growth of Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) was carried out for 96hrs. Test was performed in the static system by maintaining the proper temperature and Ph. After the 96hrs of exposure with chemical mortality and toxic symptoms was observed. Based on the mortality of fish Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) due to the exposure of Dodecanenitrile, the LC50 was 0.43 mg/l. Thus chemical Dodecanenitrile was consider as toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic acute 1 category as per CLP classification criteria.

 

Similarly in the sixth supporting study for Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) 2003, toxicity was measured. Determination of short term toxicity and mortality of Zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) due to the exposure of Dodecanenitrile. Test was performed as per the standard OECD guidelines. 96hrs of exposure were given to the Zebra fishes by performing in static system. No fish died at 1 mg/l and 100 % of the fish died at 10 mg/l. Based on the mortality of Zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) due to the exposure with Dodecanenitrile, the EC50 was > 1 mg/l. Based on the EC50 value it was concluded that the chemical was toxic and can be consider to be classified in aquatic chronic 2 as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Based on the data obtain from various experimental studies and predicted study for the mortality of fishes due to the exposure of Dodecanenitrile thus it was concluded that the chemical Dodecanenitrile was consider as toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic acute 1 category as per CLP classification criteria.

Long term toxicity to fish:

The long-term toxicity of the test substance Dodecanenitrile (2437 -25 -4) to fishe is predicted using EPI Suite ECOSAR version 1.11. On the basis of effects observed in a static freshwater system during a 28 days exposure, the NOEC (No observed effect concentration) for the substance is estimated to be 0.065 mg/L for fish. Based on this value, it can be concluded that the test chemical Dodecanenitrile can be considered as toxic to freshwater fishes at environmentally relevant concentrations and can be considered to be classified in aquatic chronic 2 category as per the CLP classification criteria.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Based on the various experimental data and prediction data for the target chemical study have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) on the growth of invertebrates. The studies are as mentioned below:

In the first experimental key study for Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) from j-check, 2017 Determination of short term toxicity and Acute Immobilization Test of Dodecanenitrile to Daphnia magna. Test was performed according to the OECD guidelines in the semi-static system for 48hrs. For the study dechlorinated water were used. Various concentrations was prepared 0.73, 0.36, 0.16, 0.078, 0.035 mg/L as measured concentration, one control was also used. The test solution prepared by adding test substance and test water were mixed to give 100 mg/L (nominal), and stirred for about 48 hours. Some amount of solution in middle layer was extracted for stock solution to prepare test solutions by mixing and stirring with test water. Based on the immobilization of daphnia magna due to the exposure with chemical Dodecanenitrile, the EC50 was 0.059 mg/l for 48hrs. thus chemical Dodecanenitrile was consider as toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic acute 1 category as per CLP classification criteria.

 

Similarly in the second supporting study for Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) episuite, 2017, toxicity was measured. Based on the prediction done by EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, on the basis of similarity of structure to chemicals for which the aquatic toxicity has been previously measured by structure-activity relationships (SARs) program, the LC 50 value for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was predicted. On the basis of this program, the LC 50 value for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was predicted to be 0.358 mg/l for Dodecanenitrile in 48 hrs. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance Dodecanenitrile is considered to be toxic to aquatic environment and can be classified in aquatic acute 1 category as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.

 

Similarly in the third supporting study for Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) 2003, toxicity was measured. Determination of short term toxicity and Acute Immobilization Test of Dodecanenitrile to Daphnia species. Study was performed in static system for 48hrs exposure of chemical Dodecanenitrile to daphnia. Based on the immobilization of daphnia due to the exposure with chemical Dodecanenitrile, the LC50 was 0.33 mg/l for 48hrs. Thus chemical Dodecanenitrile was consider as toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic acute 1 category as per CLP classification criteria.

Similarly in the fourth supporting study for RA chemical 1-Octanethiol (111-88-6), j-check, Determination of short term toxicity of 1-Octanethiol on the mobility of daphnia was studied by providing the exposure of chemical for 48hrs. Test was performed by following the standard OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test). After the 48hrs of exposure interval period, toxicity and immobilisation was observed. Based on the inhibition of mobility of daphnia species due to the exposure of chemical 1-Octanethiol, the EC50 was 0.024 mg/l. Thus based on the EC50, chemical 1-Octanethiol was consider as toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic acute/chronic 1 category as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

In the same manner by considering fifth supporting study for the RA chemical 1-Hexanethiol (111 -31 -9), from ecotox databases 2017, Evaluation of short term toxicity of 1-Hexanethiol studied on the growth of daphnia magna by providing the exposure period of 24hrs. Test performed in static system. After the exposure effect concentration was observed on the basis of behavioral changes in daphnia magna and measure effect by the equilibrium. Based on the behavior of daphnia magna after the exposure of chemical 1-Hexanethiol for 24hrs, the EC50 was 0.073 mg/l. Thus chemical 1-Hexanethiol was consider as toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic acute 1 category as per CLP classification criteria.

 

Based on the data obtain from various experimental studies for the immobility due to the exposure of Dodecanenitrile thus it was concluded that the chemical Dodecanenitrile was consider as toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic acute 1 category as per CLP classification criteria.

Long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Based on the prediction done by EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, on the basis of similarity of structure to chemicals for which the aquatic toxicity has been previously measured by structure-activity relationships (SARs) program, the NOEC value for long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was predicted. On the basis of this program, the NOEC value for long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was predicted to be 0.071 mg/l for Dodecanenitrile in 21 days. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance Dodecanenitrile is considered to be  toxic to aquatic environment and can be consider to be classified in aquatic chronic 2 category as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

Based on the various experimental data and prediction data for the target chemical study have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) on the growth of algae. The studies are as mentioned below:

In the first experimental key study for Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) from j-check, 2017 Determination of short term toxicity and Growth Inhibition of Alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) due to the exposure of dodecanenitrile. Study was performed according to the OECD guideline in the static system. Content rate of test stock solution was 50, 16, 5.0, 1.6, 0.50 % (geometric ratio; square root of 10) [0.48, 0.15, 0.054, 0.016, 0.0051 mg/L as measured concentration], with one control. Test solution was prepared in flasks. Required amount of test substance was added into the Erlenmeyer flask filled with medium under the water surface to give 100 mg/L (nominal). After stirring for about 48 hours, some amount of the solution was extracted for stock solution to prepare test solutions by mixing and stirring with medium. Based on the reduction and inhibition of growth rate of green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), due to the exposure with Dodecanenitrile, the EC50 was 0.15 mg/l and the NOEC was 0.054 mg/l. Based on the EC50 value it was concluded that the chemical was toxic and can be consider to be classified in aquatic acute 1 as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Similarly in the second supporting predicted study for the target chemical Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) taken from the episuite 2017, the short-term toxicity of the test substance Dodecanenitrile (2437 -25 -4) to green algae is predicted using EPI Suite ECOSAR version 1.11. On the basis of effects observed in a static freshwater system during a 96 hr exposure, the effect concentration (EC50) for the substance is estimated to be 0.767 mg/L for green algae. Based on this value, it can be concluded that the test chemical Dodecanenitrile can be considered as toxic to green algae at environmentally relevant concentrations and can be considered to be classified in aquatic acute 1 category as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Similarly in the third supporting study for Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) 2003, toxicity was estimated from robust summary SAR model. Determination of short term toxicity and Growth Inhibition of green algae due to the exposure of Dodecanenitrile. Test was performed in static system as per the study for 96hrs. Based on the reduction and inhibition of growth rate of green algae due to the exposure with Dodecanenitrile, the EC50 was 0.24 mg/l. Based on the EC50 value it was concluded that the chemical was toxic and can be consider to be classified in aquatic acute 1 as per the CLP classification criteria.

Similarly in the fourth supporting study for RA chemical 1-Octanethiol (111-88-6), j-check, Determination of short term toxicity of 1-Octanethiol on the growth of green algae was studied by providing the exposure of chemical for 72hrs. Test was performed by following the standard OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test). After the 72hrs of exposure interval period, toxicity and growth inhibition was observed. Based on the inhibition of growth rate and area under growth curve (AUG) of green algae due to the exposure of 1-Octanethiol, the EC50 was 0.014 mg/l and 0.086 mg/l. And the NOEC on the basis of growth rate and AUG was 0.0031 mg/l and 0.027 mg/l. Thus based on the EC50, chemical 1-Octanethiol was consider as toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic acute 1 category as per the CLP classification criteria.

Based on the data obtain from various experimental studies for the immobility due to the exposure of Dodecanenitrile thus it was concluded that the chemical Dodecanenitrile was consider as toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic acute 1 category as per CLP classification criteria.

Toxicity to microorganisms:

In the first experimental study for target chemical toxicity was determine on Tetrahymena. Toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted onTetrahymena pyriformisstrain GL for 40 hrs. The assay was conducted in a buffered medium under static conditions. Stock solutions of test chemical was prepared either in solvent DMSO or in distilled water.The solvent DMSO has low toxicity toTetrahymena,low volatility, and high ability to dissolve organic chemicals. Concentration not greater than 0.75% DMSO (350 µL per 50 mL of medium) are used. This conc. was shown to have no effect onTetrahymenapopulation growth. Standard stocks are prepared on a milligram per liter basis. When using distilled water for prepare stock solutions, extra care must be taken to maintain sterility. Tests were conducted in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 mL of sterile, semidefined proteose – peptone – based medium and five different conc. of test substance. Then the flasks were inoculated with log-growth-phase culture ofTetrahymena pyriformisof initial cell density of approx. 2500 cells/ml and incubated for about 40 hrs at27 ± 1ᵒC with pH 7.4. After incubation, growth inhibition was measured spectrophotometrically or by electronic particle counting and 50% effect levels are determined at 72 hrs. The nutritional requirement of test organism was met by a solution of proteaose-peptone, yeast extract, glucose, and Fe-EDTA. For test bacterial strain, the optimum temperature for growth was in between 27ᵒC and 35ᵒC and pH range is 5.0 – 8.6, with the optimum pH being 7.5, respectively. Control test vessel contains the test medium inoculated with the test organism with no addition of test chemical and blank was also prepared for the study. The 50% inhibitory growth concentration in mg/l (IGC50) and the 95% fiducial interval are determined for each test compound. The IGC50 was calculated with the probit procedure. Thus, based on growth inhibition of test organism, the IGC50 value was 0.0125 mg/l. (For Log IGC50-1 value was 1.90 mg/l).

Similarly in the second supporting study for the RA CAS 4-Chlorobenzonitrile (623-03-0) from ecotox database 2017, Toxicity of 4-Chlorobenzonitrile to micro-organisms study was conducted onTetrahymena pyriformisfor 2 days. Test performed in static system.Based on Population growth rate inhibition of test organism, the IC50 value was 95.5 mg/l. with 95% confidence interval of 95280 (16872-137470) ug/L.

Based on the data obtain from various sources for evaluating the toxicity of target chemical dodecanenitrile on the fishes, invertebrates, algal growth, and microorganisms it can be concluded that the substance for Dodecanenitrile (2437-25-4) is considered to be toxic and can be considered to be classified as aquatic acute 1 category as well as aquatic chronic 2 as per CLP classification criteria.